05) compared with those not undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass and a 2-fold increase in aquaporin 1 mRNA expression (P<.05) compared with those not undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass and those undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass without aortic crossclamping.

Conclusions: A temporal association between hemodynamic dysfunction, myocardial

edema, and increased aquaporin 1 expression was demonstrated. Cardiopulmonary bypass without ischemia NSC23766 mouse was associated with minimal edema, negligible myocardial dysfunction, and static aquaporin expression. Ischemic reperfusion injury is the main cause of myocardial edema and myocardial dysfunction, but a causal relationship between edema and dysfunction remains to be proved.”
“Objectives: The aim of this retrospective study was an analysis of antidepressant-induced mood conversions to mania/hypomania occurring in bipolar inpatients treated with antidepressants in the Affective Disorder Unit of the Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, in the years 1972-1996. Methods: The data for analysis were obtained retrospectively from clinical records. In a subgroup of patients prone to mood conversions, a comparison was done of depressive episodes treated with antidepressants with and without a switch to mania/hypomania as well as the frequency of mood conversions induced by particular antidepressant drugs, especially tricyclic (TCA) versus

non-TCA drugs. Results: Among 333 bipolar patients hospitalized in this period, mood conversions were observed in 118 subjects, significantly more frequently in female (44%) than in male patients (25%), JQ-EZ-05 in vitro and in patients with depressive episode at the onset of illness

(80 vs. 40%). Among mood converters, it was found that the depressive episodes with a switch to mania were less severe, shorter, and with shorter duration of antidepressant treatment. The risk of switching was PI3K inhibitor higher during treatment with TCA than with non-TCA drugs (36 vs. 17%), the highest with amitriptyline (42% of treated episodes), imipramine (40%) and clomipramine (35%). Conclusions: Our results suggest that bipolar patients prone to mood conversion constitute one third of the inpatient population with this illness. The switch from depression to mania occurred significantly more frequently during treatment with TCA than with non-TCA drugs. It is hypothesized that anticholinergic activity may contribute to the higher frequency of TCA-induced mood conversions. Copyright (C) 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel”
“Objective: Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury remains a vexing problem. Translating experimental strategies that deliver protective agents before the ischemic insult limits clinical applicability. We targeted 2 proteins in the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway, inhibitory kappa B kinase-beta, and 26S cardiac proteasome to determine their cardioprotective effects when delivered during reperfusion.