2% vs 100%; PR = 133, 95% CI = 116-152) These results may be

2% vs 10.0%; PR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.16-1.52). These results may be indicative of financial barriers or other obstacles faced by females in receiving optimal care. This study compared the prevalence and other features of migraine, PM, and other (nonmigraine spectrum) severe headache by sex within a large population sample. These data add to the existing global body of literature on

sex differences in primary headache. The prevalence of migraine reported in this study both overall and by sex is consistent with results of 2 previous population-based US prevalence studies, the AMS I and AMS II[7, 8, 20] demonstrating Vadimezan research buy that the roughly three-to-one female to male sex PR has remained relatively stable in the United States over the past 30 years. Although rates vary to some degree from reports both within the United States and from other countries,1,3-30 the female preponderance in migraine is consistent. Variations in prevalence may be due to true differences in prevalence or differences in methodology and sampling strategy. The prevalence of PM reported selleck compound in this study, both overall and by sex, varies more from other US and global estimates, which again may be a reflection of true prevalence or

sampling and methodological issues, yet the female preponderance remains consistent.[5, 9, 26] Our findings add to a growing body of research showing that migraine and PM are not only more prevalent in females than males, but also associated with greater symptomology, higher headache-related disability and impact, and greater healthcare resource utilization.[3, 4, 8, 19, 24, 25] Among individuals meeting criteria for migraine, females reported experiencing all migraine symptoms and visual aura at higher rates than males, which is consistent with other published reports.[34, 35] Females also reported more prescription

and nonprescription medication use for headache and greater use of see more emergency departments and urgent care centers for headache compared with males. This is not surprising as many studies have reported that females are more likely to consult for headache than males.36-40 Although a report from the AMS found that 68% of females and 57% of males had ever consulted an HCP for headache,[37] a recent examination of barriers to diagnosis and treatment of migraine among persons with EM with at least moderate headache-related disability from the AMPP Study database found that rates of consulting an HCP for headache within the preceding year were similar among males (46.4%) and females (45.4%).[38] However, among consulters, diagnosis was almost 3 times more likely (odds ratio [OR] = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.34-6.00) and using guideline-specific acute treatment was almost twice as likely (OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 0.86-3.70) in females than males.

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