Australas Plant Path 34:27–39 Voglmayr H, Rossman AY, Castlebury

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in the Sordariomycetes (Ascomycota). Mol Phylogenet Evol 64:500–512PubMed Walker DM, Castlebury LA, Rossman AY, Struwe L (2014) Host conservatism or host specialization? Patterns of fungal diversification are influenced by host plant specificity in Ophiognomonia (Gnomoniaceae: Diaporthales). Biol J Linn Soc 111:1–16 Watanabe M, Yonezawa T, Lee K, Kumagai S, Sugita-Konishi Y et al (2011) Molecular phylogeny of the higher and lower taxonomy of the Fusarium genus and differences in the evolutionary histories of multiple genes. BMC Evol Biol 11:322PubMedCentralPubMed Wehmeyer LE (1933) The genus Diaporthe Nitschke and its segregates. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor Weir B, Johnston PR, Damm U (2012) The Colletotrichum BKM120 molecular weight gloeosporioides species complex. Stud Mycol 73:115–180PubMedCentralPubMed Wikee S, Lombard L, Crous PW, Nakashima C, Motohashi K, Chukeatirote E, Hyde KD (2013) Phyllosticta capitalensis, a widespread endophyte

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“Introduction The Orchidaceae (orchids) is one of the largest families of angiosperms

(Pridgeon et al. 2005). A great number of orchid species have been developed commercially as potted flowering crops with an annual market growth rate of 30 % (Wang 2004). Among these, the monopodial epiphytic Phalaenopsis, one of the most popular orchids, is only available in the retail markets when in bloom. Over the past decades, a large pool of cultivars with new traits and phenotypic variation has been generated via traditional breeding. Great advances in tissue culture techniques have also allowed mass production of disease-free orchid plantlets from seeds or vegetative tissues. One of VAV2 the major problems in orchid production is that 1-year-old tissue-culture plantlets require at least 16–24 months of vegetative growth for the leaf span to reach a minimum diameter of 25 cm (Konow and Wang 2001; Runkle et al. 2007). The ability of Phalaenopsis to spike and bloom under inducive conditions, e.g., low temperatures, is highly correlated with the size of the plant; however, fungal infection can greatly reduce plant size. In addition, common pathogens such as Fusarium oxysporum (Beckman 1987), Sclerotium rolfsii (Cating et al. 2009), and Botrytis cinerea (Wey 1988) cause various unsightly symptoms on leaves and roots that, even if the orchid survives the disease, the quality and growth of orchids are irrevocably damaged and ruined for the commercial market.

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