Recent results of amyloid immunotherapy raised the question whether beta-amyloid is sufficient target for AD therapy. Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), which contain hyperphosphorylated tau, are another pathological hallmark of AD. NFTs are observed in entorhinal cortex, limbic, and neocortex over the course of clinical progression. NFTs are associated with synapse and neuron loss, suggesting that the process of NFT formation is involved in brain dysfunction. During NFT formation, tau forms a variety of different aggregation species, including tau oligomers, granules, and fibrils. Analysis of different human tau-expressing mouse lines reveals

that soluble hyperphosphorylated tau, which includes tau oligomer, is involved in synapse loss, whereas granular tau formation is involved in neuronal loss. Therefore, inhibition of tau aggregation and tau phosphorylation is expected to prevent synapse loss and neuron loss, and may slow or halt Small molecule library cell line the progressive dementia in AD.”
“PURPOSE: To determine whether institution of a structured YM155 mw surgical curriculum for ophthalmology residents decreased the rate of sentinel surgical complications.

SETTING: Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Des Moines, Iowa, USA.

METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of third-year ophthalmic

resident quality-assurance surgical outcomes data at a single residency-training site from 1998 to 2008. The primary outcome measure was IAP inhibitor defined as a sentinel event; that is, a posterior capsule tear (with or without vitreous loss) or vitreous loss (from any cause) occurring during a resident-performed case. The study population was divided into 2 groups. Group 1 comprised surgical cases of residents trained before the surgical curriculum change (academic years 1998 to 2003) and Group 2, surgical cases

of residents trained with the enhanced curriculum (academic years 2004 to 2008). Data from 1 year (academic year 2003 to 2004) were excluded because the transition to the enhanced curriculum occurred during that period. The data were analyzed and adjusted for surgical experience.

RESULTS: In Group 1 (before institution of surgical curriculum), there were 823 cases with 59 sentinel complications. In Group 2 (after institution of surgical curriculum), there were 1009 cases with 38 sentinel complications. There was a statistically significant reduction in the sentinel complication rate, from 7.17% before the curriculum changes to 3.77% with the enhanced curriculum (P = .001, unpaired 2-tailed t test).

CONCLUSION: Implementation of a structured surgical curriculum resulted in a statistically significant reduction in sentinel event complications, even after adjusting for surgical experience. J Cataract Refract Surg 2009, 35:1956-1960 (C) 2009 ASCRS and ESCRS”
“Tau is a sticky protein mainly expressed by neurons, which may be found in different subcellular fractions or outside the cell.