This is because the sides of cylinder and capsule nanorods are round but the side of rectangular nanorod is flat. Figure 3 Lifetime orientation check details distributions of QEs around (a, d) rectangular, (b, e) cylinder, and (c, f) capsule

gold and Si nanorods. The gold nanorods have wavelengths (a) 1,013, (b) 997, and (c) 946 nm, respectively. Four typical points are chosen: A (-70,0,0), B (-70,-10,0), C (-60,-20,0), and D (0,-20,0) nm. The lifetime orientation distributions of QEs around the rectangular, cylinder, capsule Si nanorods at wavelengths (d) 1,013, (e) 997, (f) 946 nm, respectively. As written in the Methods part, we define the anisotropy factor η to evaluate the orientation anisotropy by the ratio of the maximum lifetime over the minimum lifetime in all dipole orientations. The results of rectangular, cylinder, and capsule nanorods are shown in Table 1. The lifetime differs hundreds of times around the end of the rectangular nanorod. The orientation

anisotropy of the cylinder nanorod is much stronger than that of the rectangular nanorod. The orientation anisotropy of the capsule nanorod is the strongest, Selumetinib and the anisotropy factor reaches up to three orders of magnitude when the emitter is placed 10 nm to the end of the capsule nanorod. Table 1 Anisotropy factor η at different positions around gold nanorod   A B C D Rectangular 206 386 361 60.1 Cylinder 615 858 749 126 Capsule 1,016 837 794 137 In order to underline the effect of the localized surface plasmon, we consider dielectric nanorods with the same geometrical parameters but without plasmonic modes.

The material of the dielectric nanorod is chosen as Si with refractive index of 3.4. The orientation distributions around the rectangular, cylinder, and capsule dielectric nanorods at wavelengths 1,013, 997, Amisulpride and 946 nm are shown in Figure 3d,e,f, respectively. The green area is the cross section of the Si nanorod at z = 0 plane. We select the four typical points as before. We observe that the maximum of the color bar can be larger than 1. So in some dipole directions, the lifetimes of QEs will be longer than those of the vacuum. They are different from the lifetimes of the QE around the metallic nanorod. The anisotropy factors of the rectangular, cylinder and capsule-shaped dielectric nanorod are shown in Table 2. The lifetime differs only several times. The lifetime orientation anisotropy factors are much smaller than the metallic nanorod case. Table 2 Anisotropy factor η at different positions around Si nanorod   A B C D Rectangular 4.18 3.47 3.02 1.87 Cylinder 3.78 2.94 2.53 1.78 Capsule 2.96 2.30 2.21 1.85 In the following, we further study the detailed lifetime orientation distributions of the QE near the end of the capsule gold nanorod.