This population expressed the T,m marker CD127 and a subset expressed one or more of three other T(CM) markers: CD62L, CCR7, and CD122. Additionally, the majority of CD127(high) cells were KLRG1(low), indicating that they have not been repetitively activated through TCR stimulation. These CD127(high) cells were better maintained than their CD127(low) counterparts following transfer into naive mice, consistent with their observed surface

expression of CD127 and CD122, which confer the ability to self-renew in response to IL-7 and IL-15. CD127(high) cells were capable of IFN-gamma production upon peptide restimulation and expanded in response to challenge infection, indicating that

these cells are functionally responsive upon Ag re-encounter. These results are in contrast to what is typically observed during many persistent infections and indicate that Selleck EGFR inhibitor a stable population of parasite-specific CD8(+) T cells capable of Ag-independent survival is maintained in mice despite the presence of persistent Ag.”
“Previous studies BIX-01294 have indicated an association between iodine excess and increased incidence of thyroid dysfunction in adults. However, there have been few studies on how the intake of excessive iodine affects thyroid function in children. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of a long-term exposure to excessive iodine on thyroid dysfunction in children. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and thyroid function in 371 children from a high iodine (HI) area (water iodine: 150-963 mu g/L) and 150 children from an adequate iodine (AI) area (water iodine: 12.8-50.9 mu g/L) were measured. The water iodine concentration in the HI area was higher than that in the AI area (P < 0.001) and the median urinary iodine concentration of children in the HI area was 1030 mu g/L, which was 8.6 times that of children in the AI area (123 mu g/L)

(P < 0.001). Children in the HI area had a higher concentration of sensitive thyroid stimulating hormone and higher positivity of both thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin NSC23766 manufacturer antibody (TGAb). The prevalence of thyroid diseases was higher in HI area children than that in AI area children (P = 0.000), especially subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH; P = 0.004). A body mass index (BMI) of >= 22.3 kg/m(2) was associated with the incidence of SCH (OR: 5.51; 95% CI: 1.52, 19.9; P = 0.009). UIC >= 600 mu g/L (OR: 3.62; 95% CI. 1.22, 10.8; P = 0.024) and TPOAb or TGAb-positivity (Ab+; OR: 6.48; 95% CI: 1.78, 23.6; P = 0.005) in children were significantly and independently associated with SCH. Interactions between UIC >= 300 mu g/L and Ab+ (P-interaction = 0.004) were found. Furthermore, increased thyroid volume was correlated with higher UIC (beta = 0.22; P = 0.002).