(C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 122: 1731-1741, 2011″
“An analytical method is developed for determining net sputtering rate for an MgO layer under hot ions with low energy (<100 eV) in a neon-xenon discharge gas at near-atmospheric pressure. The primary sputtering LGX818 purchase rate is analyzed according to spatial and energy distributions of the hot ions with average energy, E(i)(h), above a threshold energy of sputtering, E(th),(i), multiplied by a yield coefficient. The threshold energy of sputtering is determined from dissociation energy required to remove an atom from MgO surface multiplied by

an energy-transfer coefficient. The re-deposition rate of the sputtered atoms is calculated by a diffusion simulation using a hybridized probabilistic and analytical method. These calculation methods are combined to analyze the net sputtering rate. Maximum net sputtering rate due to the hot neon ions increases above the partial pressure

of 4% xenon as E(Ne)(h) becomes higher and decreases near the partial pressure of 20% xenon this website as ion flux of neon decreases. The dependence due to the hot neon ions on partial pressure and applied voltage agrees well with experimental results, but the dependence due to the hot xenon ions deviates considerably. This result shows that the net sputtering rate is dominated by the hot neon ions. Maximum E(Ne)(h) (E(Ne),(h)(max) =

5.3 – 10.3 eV) is lower than E(th),(Ne) (19.5 eV) for the MgO layer; therefore, weak sputtering due to the hot neon ions takes place. VX-680 Cell Cycle inhibitor One hot neon ion sputters each magnesium and each oxygen atom on the surface and distorts around a vacancy. The ratio of the maximum net sputtering rate is approximately determined by number of the ions at E(i),(h)(max) multiplied by an exponential factor of -E(th),(i)/E(i),(h)(max). (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3554687]“
“Cryopreservation is associated with the production of reactive oxygen species, which leads to lipid peroxidation of the sperm membrane and consequently a reduction in sperm motility and decreased fertility potential. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal concentration of L-cysteine needed for cryopreservation of boar semen. Twelve boars provided semen of proven motility and morphology for this study. The semen was divided into four portions in which the lactose-egg yolk (LEY) extender used to resuspend the centrifuged sperm pellet was supplemented with various concentrations of L-cysteine to reach 0 mmol L(-1) (group I, control), 5 mmol L(-1) (group II), 10 mmol L(-1) (group III) and 15 mmol L(-1) (group IV). Semen suspensions were loaded in straws (0.5 mL) and placed in a controlled-rate freezer.