J Pathol 2003, 201:204–212.PubMedCrossRef Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors’ contributions YZY and YW carried out the experiment of this manuscript and drafted the manuscript. YZY and JSF participated in the design of the study MCC950 price and organized the whole study process. FHC, JFL and JW participated the experiment and revised the manuscript. YZY and YJW conceived the study project, provided financial support. All authors read and approved

the final manuscript.”
“Background Giant cell tumor (GCT) of the bone is an infrequent and unpredictable bony lesion [1]. Although numerous attempts have been made to predict the behaviour of GCT, there are no definite biological or histological parameters to determine the prognosis or aggressiveness of this lesion [2]. Aggressive lesions (stage III Campanacci) are common in oriental population, and they have been shown to have higher risk of recurrence and pulmonary metastases [3–5]. Ki-67 represents a nuclear protein forming part of DNA replicase complex that provides a simple, rapid and reliable means of evaluating the growth fraction of neoplastic cell populations [6].

Ki-67 was shown to correlate with the biological behaviour and risk of pulmonary metastases in a few reported cases of GCT of the bone [7]. However; there are no reported studies to identify the effectiveness of this marker to correlate with the aggressiveness and prognosis of the disease. The aim of this study is to identify the effectiveness of Ki-67 as prognostic Selleck S3I-201 marker and in predicting the risk of local recurrence and pulmonary metastases for aggressive (stage III) GCT of the bone. Methods Thirty-one consecutive patients with histologically proven giant cell tumor, seen at our institution between January 1999 and December 2006, were included. The clinical and radiological records of all the patients were reviewed. Tissue diagnosis and immuno-histopathological study was obtained in all cases from the surgical specimen. Stage III or aggressive GCT in this study

is defined as symptomatic, rapidly growing lesion. aminophylline Bone scans showed intense activity that often extended beyond the lytic area on radiograph and magnetic resonance imaging showed infiltration of the surrounding soft tissue, which was confirmed histologically by tumor that has breached the cortex and extended into the surrounding soft tissue. There were 19 males and 12 females patents. The mean age was 33.8 years with range from 18 to 59 years. Eleven GCT were located at the proximal tibia followed by 9, involving distal femur, 4 distal radius, 2 distal ulna and one each at the proximal femur, sacrum, metacarpal, distal tibia and proximal humerus. All cases were stage III based on Campanacci staging system3. All cases were treated with wide resection margin. The surgical specimens were evaluated for microscopic extent of tumor at the margins and intramedullary marrow extension, and all were found clear of extension.