Methods: Retrospective chart review was performed on all blunt trauma admissions at a Level I trauma center from August 2002 through July 2007. Hypotension was defined as a systolic blood pressure <= 90 mm Hg. Patients who were hypotensive in the field but normotensive upon arrival in the emergency department (ED) were included. Age, gender, injury severe score, arterial blood gas analysis, results of focused abdominal sonogram for trauma (FAST), computed tomography, intravenous fluid administration, blood transfusions, and the presence of repeat bouts of hypotension were noted. GSK461364 ic50 Patients were stratified by BD <= -6 or >= -5. Statistical analysis was performed using

paired t test, chi(2), and logistic regression analysis with significance attributed to p < 0.05.

Results: During the 5-year period, 231 blunt trauma patients had hypotension in the field with subsequent normotension on admission to the ED. Of these, 189 patients

had admission BD data recorded. Patients with a BD <= -6 were significantly more likely to have repeat hypotension (78% vs. 30%, p < 0.001). Overall mortality was 13% (24 of 189), but patients with repeat hypotension had greater mortality (24% vs. 5%, p < 0.003).

Conclusion: Blunt trauma patients with repeat episodes of hypotension have significantly greater mortality. Patients with transient field hypotension and a BD <= -6 are more than twice as likely to have

repeat hypotension (crump). This study reinforces the need for early arterial blood gases and trauma team involvement in the evaluation of these patients. Cediranib purchase Patients with BD GDC 973 <= -6 should have early invasive monitoring, liberal use of repeat FAST exams, and careful resuscitation before computed tomography scanning. Surgeons should have a low threshold for taking such patients to the operating room.”
“Genetic factors are among the main etiologies of severe to profound hearing loss and may play an important role in cochlear implantation (CI) outcomes. While genes for common forms of deafness have been cloned, efforts to correlate the functional outcome of CIs with a genetic form of deafness carried by the patient have been largely anecdotal to date. It has been suggested that the differences in auditory performance may be explained by differences in the number of surviving spiral ganglion cells, etiology of hearing loss, and other factors. Knowledge of the specific loci and mutations involved in patients who receive cochlear implants may elucidate other factors related to CI performance. In this review article, current knowledge of cochlear implants for hereditary hearing loss will be discussed with an emphasis on relevant clinical genotype-phenotype correlations. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Current membrane oxygenators are constructed for patients with a body surface under 2.