Research into effective therapeutic solutions for SARS-CoV-19 is ongoing, a direct response to its high mortality rate. The substantial role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of this disease involves the destruction of lung tissue, ultimately resulting in death. Consequently, anti-inflammatory drugs or remedies that alleviate inflammatory processes are essential choices. Inflammation, driven by pathways like nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), toll-like receptors (TLRs), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), alongside mediators such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interferon-gamma (INF-γ), triggers cellular apoptosis, diminishes respiratory function and oxygenation, ultimately culminating in respiratory failure and demise. Hypercholesterolemia control is a key function of statins, and their potential use in COVID-19 treatment may originate from their varied effects, including their anti-inflammatory properties. A discussion of statins' anti-inflammatory effects and their potential advantages in COVID-19 treatment is presented in this chapter. Data sourced from experimental and clinical studies published in English between 1998 and October 2022, encompassing Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library, were collected.

Queen bees consume the superfood royal jelly, a yellowish to white, gel-like substance. The health benefits of royal jelly are believed to be due, in part, to compounds such as 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid and crucial royal jelly proteins. Royal jelly's therapeutic advantages extend to specific medical conditions, including cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, multiple sclerosis, and diabetes. This substance is believed to possess the antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antitumor, and immunomodulatory properties. The consequences of royal jelly use on COVID-19 are examined in this chapter.

Since the initial SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in China, pharmacists have diligently designed and executed strategies focused on both pharmaceutical care and supply. The International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) guidelines underscore the indispensable role of hospital and clinical pharmacists, as part of care teams, in the pharmaceutical care of patients with COVID-19. To more readily triumph over the disease during this pandemic, antivirals and vaccines, in conjunction with immuno-enhancing adjuvant agents, have become critical. GM6001 MMP inhibitor For a spectrum of health concerns, including colds, coughs, infections of the upper respiratory tract, sore throats, and acute bronchitis, a liquid extract derived from the Pelargonium sidoides plant is employed. An examination of the plant root extract suggests its antiviral and immunomodulatory activity. Melatonin's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions extend to its role in regulating the cytokine storm's development in response to COVID-19 infection. reuse of medicines Variations in the severity and duration of COVID-19 symptoms observed within a 24-hour timeframe and/or during various intervals suggest that a chronotherapeutic treatment plan is necessary for managing this illness. Our methodology for managing acute and long-term COVID involves carefully aligning the medication plan with the patient's biological rhythm. This chapter provides a detailed and comprehensive review of the growing body of literature on the chronobiological use of Pelargonium sidoides and melatonin in managing both acute and prolonged cases of COVID-19.

Hyper-inflammatory responses and immune system deficiencies are conditions for which curcumin has been traditionally employed as a remedy. Piperine, a naturally occurring element in black pepper, possesses the ability to elevate the absorption rate of curcumin. The effect of combining curcumin and piperine is being explored in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients requiring intensive care.
Forty COVID-19 patients in the ICU, in a parallel, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, were randomly assigned to consume either a daily regimen of three capsules of curcumin (500mg)-piperine (5mg) or a placebo for seven days.
One week after the intervention, the curcumin-piperine group displayed a statistically significant decline in serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (p=0.002) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (p=0.003), accompanied by a rise in hemoglobin (p=0.003), compared with the placebo group. The curcumin-piperine regimen, compared to the placebo, did not significantly alter the measured biochemical, hematological, and arterial blood gas levels; the 28-day mortality rate remained constant at three patients in each group (p=0.99).
The investigation into COVID-19 ICU patients revealed a noteworthy decrease in CRP and AST levels, coupled with a rise in hemoglobin, following short-term curcumin-piperine supplementation. The positive findings indicate that curcumin might be a beneficial adjunct therapy for COVID-19 patients, though certain parameters remained unchanged after the treatment.
The study indicated that short-term supplementation with curcumin-piperine resulted in a substantial lowering of CRP and AST levels, combined with an increase in hemoglobin levels in COVID-19 patients hospitalized within the ICU. The encouraging results suggest curcumin as an additional treatment option for COVID-19, although specific parameters did not respond to the intervention.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been the root cause of a COVID-19 pandemic that has now endured for almost three years, impacting the world. Though vaccines are now accessible, the pandemic's severity, coupled with the absence of adequate approved medications, highlights the urgent requirement for novel treatment approaches. Curcumin, a food-based nutraceutical with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, is now being investigated for its possible use in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Curcumin's efficacy in delaying SARS-CoV-2's cellular entry, hindering its replication inside cells, and controlling the virus's inflammatory response is evidenced through its modulation of immune system regulators, minimizing the cytokine storm, and its impact on the renin-angiotensin system. The chapter investigates curcumin and its derivatives' role in the prevention and management of COVID-19, focusing on the interplay of the underlying molecular processes. This research will also place significant emphasis on the application of molecular and cellular profiling techniques, crucial for the discovery and development of novel biomarkers, drug targets, and therapeutic methods in order to improve patient care.

With the COVID-19 pandemic, a significant rise in the adoption of healthy practices was observed worldwide, meant to limit the virus's spread and potentially boost individuals' immune systems. Thus, the contribution of dietary patterns and food components, such as spices with bioactive and antiviral qualities, may be critical in these efforts. This chapter scrutinizes the efficacy of spices such as turmeric (curcumin), cinnamon, ginger, black pepper, saffron, capsaicin, and cumin, exploring how these compounds affect COVID-19 disease severity biomarkers.

COVID-19 vaccine-induced seroconversion is less frequent in patients who are immunocompromised. The present investigation sought to determine the relationship between humoral immune response and early clinical success in solid-organ transplant patients immunized with the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (BBIBP-CorV, Sinopharm). The criteria for participant selection in the study was a transplant recipient status and an age of 18 years or more. The patients' vaccination schedule involved two Sinopharm doses, administered four weeks apart. The vaccine's immunogenicity was determined by measuring antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) following the first and second vaccination doses. A six-month post-vaccination follow-up of 921 transplant patients yielded results indicating that 115 (12.5%) and 239 (26%) patients, respectively, achieved acceptable anti-S-RBD immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels following their first and second vaccination doses. Of the eighty patients, 868 percent were infected with COVID-19, subsequently causing 45 patients (49 percent) to be hospitalized. No patient fatalities were documented during the follow-up. Elevated liver enzymes were detected in 24 (109%) liver transplant recipients, and increased serum creatinine was observed in 86 (135%) kidney transplant patients. Biopsy results confirmed rejection in two patients, yet the grafts remained intact.

Following the December 2019 emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, a global quest for strategies to manage this widespread concern has engaged scientists worldwide. A successful and practical approach to the COVID-19 crisis has involved the development and worldwide distribution of vaccines. Although vaccines are generally well-tolerated, in a small proportion of recipients, they may lead to the spontaneous appearance or worsening of immune or inflammatory disorders like psoriasis. Because of the immunomodulatory influence of this disease, particularly evident in psoriasis and similar skin conditions, the recommended course of action is to receive COVID-19 immunizations, vaccines that themselves exhibit immunomodulatory properties. Consequently, dermatological responses are possible among these individuals, and instances of psoriasis onset, worsening, or modification have been noted in those receiving COVID-19 vaccinations. Taking into account the scarcity and generally mild presentation of certain skin reactions consequent to COVID-19 vaccination, a widespread agreement supports the idea that the benefits of vaccination stand in excess of the potential risks of such reactions. Still, healthcare workers delivering vaccines ought to understand the potential dangers and duly inform recipients. Biomedical HIV prevention We additionally propose constant surveillance for possible adverse autoimmune and hyperinflammatory reactions through the utilization of point-of-care biomarker tracking.