Nutrition 2008,24(10):985–9.PubMedCrossRef

72. Mota J, Fidalgo F, Silva R, Ribeiro JC, Santos R, Carvalho J, Santos MP: Relationships between physical activity, obesity and meal frequency in adolescents. Annals of Human Biology 2008,35(1):1–10.PubMedCrossRef Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors’ contributions KG, the first author designed and wrote the introduction and the conclusion. SH, participated Angiogenesis inhibitor in the design of the study and performed the statistical analysis. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript.”
“1. Introduction The importance of physical activity to well-being cannot be overstated. The physiological, psychological, and social benefits of regular PRT062607 manufacturer exercise are plentiful and profound.

Examples of such benefits include positive effects on weight, bone strength, metabolic factors (such as glucose and cholesterol), organ function, sleep, mood and self-image. Coupled with the proliferation of team sports and increased choices for individual exercise, the fitness movement has created an increased demand for the care of athletes. Anyone who participates in physical exercise is at risk for injury and illness arising from such activity [1, 2]. Strenuous exercise and dehydrated states would be the causes of gastrointestinal symptoms. Gut ischemia would be the main cause of nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and (bloody) diarrhea [3]. Moreover, anaphylaxis is observed during or soon after exercise when preceded by the intake of a causal food allergen [4, 5]. Adequate meal composition and hydration are essential for the prevention of these events. 2. Exercise-induced gastrointestinal complaints There is a very high prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) complaints during exercise among long-distance runners, triathletes and athletes involved in other types of strenuous long-lasting exercise [6]. These GI complaints occur because of the redistribution of the blood flow, that is shunted from the viscera to skeletal Avapritinib concentration muscle, heart, lung

and brain [7]. The symptoms include dizziness, nausea, stomach or intestinal clamps, vomiting and diarrhea. Prevalence of 30-50% has been reported among marathon runners. Severe symptoms include vomiting and diarrhea and occur mainly during running [8]. It has been suggested that these problems occur mainly because selleck inhibitor of the movements of the gut [9]. However, an association was reported between nutritional practices and GI complaints during a half ironman-distance triathlon with the intake of fiber, fat, protein and concentrated carbohydrate solutions during the triathlon, in particular beverages with very high osmolarity [10]. The symptoms are often mild and may not even affect performance. Some of the symptoms, however, can be life-threatening, such as blood loss in feces in the hours following the running presented by some marathoners and long-distance triathletes [8].