Evidence suggests a less pervasive implementation of CBS within pharmacy education compared to other healthcare disciplines. The existing pharmacy education literature has not explicitly examined the potential impediments to successful adoption of these strategies. This systematic narrative review investigated and discussed potential barriers to the implementation of CBS in pharmacy education, providing recommendations for their mitigation. We investigated five prominent databases and applied the AACODS checklist for the purpose of evaluating grey literature. AD5584 Our analysis encompassed 42 research articles and 4 grey literature reports, published within the timeframe of January 1, 2000 to August 31, 2022, all of which met the designated inclusion criteria. The investigation then utilized the thematic analysis strategy championed by Braun and Clarke. The included articles were predominantly from Europe, North America, and Australasia. Thematic analysis of the articles, absent explicit discussions of implementation barriers, revealed several potential hurdles, encompassing resistance to change, economic considerations, time limitations, software user-friendliness, accreditation necessities, student enthusiasm and involvement, faculty experience levels, and curriculum design parameters. A critical initial step in developing future implementation research on CBS within pharmacy education is to address the obstacles posed by academia, procedures, and culture. The analysis reveals that careful planning, collaborative efforts of various stakeholders, and investment in resources and training are essential for effectively overcoming any potential barriers to CBS implementation. The review's conclusion underscores the necessity of further research to establish evidence-based methods for addressing user disengagement or feelings of being overwhelmed during both learning and teaching processes. It additionally promotes further research to investigate possible hurdles within various institutional environments and diverse geographical areas.

To gauge the effectiveness of a sequential curriculum focused on drug knowledge for third-year professional students within a capstone learning environment.
The spring of 2022 marked the implementation of a three-phase pilot study, centered around drug knowledge. Including nine low-stakes quizzes, three formative tests, and a final summative comprehensive exam, students accomplished a total of thirteen assessments. Preoperative medical optimization For the purpose of evaluating effectiveness, the results of the pilot (test group) were juxtaposed with the outcomes from the previous year's cohort (historical control), who solely completed the summative comprehensive examination. The faculty's commitment to crafting content for the test group resulted in more than 300 hours of dedicated effort.
The pilot group's average score on the final competency exam was 809%, a result exceeding the control group's score by one percentage point; the control group experienced a less strenuous intervention. Removing students who did not meet the minimum passing threshold (<73%) on the final competency test produced no appreciable change in the observed exam scores. Analysis of the control group revealed a moderate, statistically significant correlation (r = 0.62) between the scores on the practice drug exam and the final knowledge exam. A correlation coefficient of 0.24 was found, indicating a weak link between the number of low-stakes assessments attempted by the test group and their ultimate final exam scores compared to the performance of the control group.
This study's findings highlight the necessity of further research into optimal knowledge-based methods for evaluating drug characteristics.
Further investigation into best practices for assessing drug characteristics using knowledge-based approaches is suggested by the results of this study.

The workplace environments of community retail pharmacists are marked by hazardous conditions and excessively high stress levels. The often-overlooked element of workload stress impacting pharmacists is occupational fatigue. Exhaustion from work, or occupational fatigue, is defined by an overburdening workload, comprising intensified work demands and limited personal resources for task completion. Through the application of (Aim 1) the previously designed Pharmacist Fatigue Instrument and (Aim 2) semi-structured interviews, this study intends to describe the subjective perspectives on occupational fatigue among community pharmacists.
Eligible community pharmacists in Wisconsin, sourced via a practice-based research network, participated in the study. Anaerobic membrane bioreactor Participants undertook a demographic questionnaire, a Pharmacist Fatigue Instrument, and a semi-structured interview. Descriptive statistics were utilized in the analysis of the survey data. Employing a qualitative deductive content analysis framework, the interview transcripts were examined.
A total of 39 pharmacists took part in the research. A survey instrument assessing pharmacist fatigue (the Pharmacist Fatigue Instrument) indicated that half of the participants had days when they were unable to go beyond the standard care they were supposed to provide to patients on more than half of the days. A substantial 30% of the participants reported taking shortcuts in patient care delivery on over half their working days. The analysis of pharmacist interviews revealed distinct themes, including mental fatigue, physical fatigue, active fatigue, and passive fatigue.
The research findings demonstrated the pharmacists' feelings of hopelessness and mental fatigue, its relationship to their interpersonal dynamics, and the complex structure of pharmacy work systems. Improving occupational fatigue in community pharmacies demands interventions that acknowledge and address the key themes pharmacists face.
The research highlighted the pharmacists' distress and mental fatigue, demonstrating a connection to their interpersonal relationships, and the complex challenges inherent in pharmacy systems. Interventions for occupational fatigue in community pharmacies necessitate a focus on the specific fatigue themes relevant to pharmacists.

Given the crucial role preceptors play in the experiential education of future pharmacists, it is essential to cultivate their capacity to recognize and address knowledge gaps within their mentees. This pilot study at a single college of pharmacy focused on measuring preceptor exposure to social determinants of health (SDOH), their ease and comfort in addressing social needs, and their awareness of social resources. Pharmacists affiliated with the program received an online survey, which assessed their frequency of one-on-one patient interactions. Seventy-two eligible preceptors, out of a total of 166 preceptor respondents (with a response rate of 305%), completed the survey. There was a noticeable increase in self-reported exposure to social determinants of health (SDOH) as one progressed through the educational continuum, beginning with the didactic phase, advancing through experiential learning, and concluding with residency. Preceptors who obtained their degrees after 2016, and who worked in community or clinic settings, exhibiting a commitment to serving more than half of underserved patients, consistently demonstrated the greatest ease in addressing social needs and were most cognizant of social resources. The preceptor's comprehension of social determinants of health (SDOH) has a bearing on their efficacy in instructing future pharmacists. For all pharmacy students to have a comprehensive understanding of social determinants of health (SDOH) throughout their learning, placement of practice sites must be evaluated alongside preceptors' awareness and abilities to address these needs. An investigation into the most effective techniques for upskilling preceptors in this sector is required.

Evaluating the effectiveness of medication dispensing by pharmacy technicians in the geriatric inpatient unit of a Danish hospital is the purpose of this study.
Four pharmacy technicians specialized in providing dispensing services for the elderly patients in the ward. Initially, ward nurses documented the time taken to dispense medication and the frequency of disruptions. Two similar recordings were accomplished in tandem with the pharmacy technicians' dispensing service, within the same timeframe. Staff satisfaction with the dispensing service in the ward was evaluated using a questionnaire. Reported medication errors from the dispensing service period were examined alongside those from the corresponding timeframe within the preceding two-year period.
The daily time spent on dispensing medications, on average, was diminished by 14 hours, with a range from 33 to 47 hours per day when the pharmacy technicians performed the service. The daily rate of interruptions encountered during the dispensing procedure saw a significant improvement, decreasing from over 19 interruptions to an average of 2-3 per day. The nursing staff lauded the medication dispensing service, citing its effectiveness in easing their workload as a key improvement. The reporting of medication errors tended to decrease.
Pharmacy technicians' medication dispensing service streamlined the process, minimizing dispensing time and enhancing patient safety by curtailing interruptions and reducing reported medication errors.
The medication dispensing service provided by the pharmacy technicians resulted in less time spent dispensing medications, leading to enhanced patient safety through a reduction in interruptions and reported medication errors.

In certain pneumonia cases, de-escalation, as dictated by guidelines, incorporates methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) nasal swabs. Previous investigations have demonstrated a decrease in the potency of anti-MRSA medications, resulting in less-than-optimal outcomes, but the consequences on the time required for treatment in patients presenting positive polymerase chain reaction tests remain unclear. A key objective of this review was to compare different anti-MRSA treatment lengths in patients who exhibited a positive MRSA PCR, but lacked MRSA growth on bacterial culture tests. A single-center retrospective observational study assessed the outcomes of 52 hospitalized adults receiving anti-MRSA therapy with positive MRSA polymerase chain reaction results.