Sixty children (31 males, 29 females), born in 1989-1995, were evaluated from June 2006 to May 2007. Ultrasound of the bladder and the upper urinary tract was performed in all patients. Surgical and pharmacological intervention, bowel function, faecal and urinary continence were registered. Renal function was assessed by <SU51</SUCr-EDTA and/or MAG-3 scintigraphy in patients who had previously experienced affected renal function or presented with deteriorated bladder function. Results. Two children died during follow-up. In total, 47 urological procedures were performed in 23 patients. The most frequently conducted procedures were appendicovesicostomy (n = 11) and autoaugmentation

Sapanisertib order (n = 11). Fourteen patients underwent untethering procedures, resulting in improved bladder function in five patients; nine were unaltered. Five patients had a moderate and two a severe decrease in glomerular filtration rate. Eighty-one per cent were performing clean intermittent catheterization, starting at a median age of 3.6 years. Anticholinergics were used in 50%. Sixty-two per cent were totally urine continent, 22% used incontinence Selleckchem CA4P pads in case of leakage and 16% were urine incontinent. Two patients had Malone procedures; 29% were using trans-anal irrigation. Eighty-three per cent were totally

faecal continent. Conclusion. Close follow-up and appropriate intervention have improved renal function in children with congenital spinal malformation, but renal deterioration remains a risk. Total faecal and urinary continence could be achieved in 81% and 62%, respectively.”
“Objectives: To describe the epidemiological profile, risk behaviors, and the prior history of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in women living with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Methods: Cross-sectional study, performed at the Centro de Referencia e Treinamento em DST/AIDS of Sao Paulo. The social, demographic, behavioral, and clinical data such as age,

schooling, marital status, age at first sexual intercourse, number of sexual partners, parity, use of drugs, time of HIV diagnosis, CD4 count, and viral load determination were abstracted from the medical records of women living with AIDS who had gynecological consultation scheduled in the period from June 2008 to May 2009.

Results: Out of 710 women who were scheduled to SN-38 concentration a gynecological consultation during the period of the study, 598 were included. Previous STD was documented for 364 (60.9%; 95% CI: 56.9%-64.8%) women. The associated factors with previous STDs and their respective risks were: human development index (HDI) <0.50 (ORaj = 5.5; 95% CI: 2.8-11.0); non-white race (ORaj = 5.2; 95% CI: 2.5-11.0); first sexual intercourse at or before 15 years of age (ORaj = 4.4; 95% CI: 2.3-8.3); HIV infection follow-up time of nine years or more (ORaj = 4.2; 95% CI: 2.3-7.8)]; number of sexual partners during the entire life between three and five partners (ORaj = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.1-4.