To describe the effects of sex hormones on cardiovascular disease (CVD) that may act via serum lipids.
Recent findings
Low endogenous testosterone is associated with high low-density lipoprotein and low high-density lipoprotein in both cross-sectional and prospective observational studies. Exogenous testosterone administration is associated with decreased high-density lipoprotein coupled with beneficial decreases in low-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol. The overall impact of testosterone administration on CVD is still unclear, with mixed safety results from recent randomized controlled trials.
Summary
There may be CVD risk reduction benefits, including an improved lipid
profile, from testosterone administration in hypogonadal men. The overall effect of testosterone on CVD risk LDK378 order has not been definitively determined.”
“Background: Concern has recently been raised over the possibility of a reduced efficacy of clopidogrel because of genetic variations
in cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 19 (CYP2C19) metabolism. A black box warning from the US Food and Drug Administration recommends that all patients be tested. It has been estimated that approximately 3% (range 2-14%) of the population are poor metabolizers, but few data are available for cerebrovascular patients. The objective Savolitinib purchase of this study is to evaluate the frequency and effects of variability in CYP2C19 metabolism in patients with cerebrovascular disease. Methods: A retrospective
review of all patients with stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) tested for the clopidogrel CYP2C19 genotype https://www.selleck.cn/screening/stem-cell-compound-library.html was performed, with a collection of data including race/ethnicity, CYP2C19 status, and the presence of recurrent vascular events. Results: A total of 53 cerebrovascular patients were tested, consisting of 5.7% poor (n = 3), 26.4% intermediate (n = 14), 62.3% extensive (n = 33), 3.8% indeterminate (n = 2), and 1.9% “”mixed ultra rapid and poor”" (n = 1) metabolizers. Only 10 of 38 white patients (26.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.14-0.42) were intermediate or poor metabolizers, compared with 7 of 15 (46.7%; 95% CI 0.25-0.70) non-whites. Of 43 patients treated with clopidogrel, 3 of 27 extensive metabolizers (11.1%; 95% CI 0.04-0.28) had recurrent cerebrovascular events compared with 33.3% of intermediate metabolizers (4/12; 95% CI 0.14-0.61) and 50% of poor metabolizers (1/2; 95% CI 0.09-0.90). Conclusions: These data suggest that the proportion of poor/intermediate clopidogrel metabolizers in cerebrovascular patients is comparable to cardiovascular studies and these patients may have an increased risk of recurrent cerebrovascular events. Routine CYP2C19 testing may be warranted.”
“Plants are an important source of several clinically useful anti-cancer agents. A volatile extract was obtained from Ricinus communis L.