94 +/- 0.61 mm above the floor of learn more MCF. The average temporalis muscle thickness and vertical height of the ZA were 22.22 +/- 0.36 mm and 8.10 +/- 0.13 mm, respectively. The muscle-to-floor measurement (muscle thickness + mid-zygoma-to-floor measurement) was 24.16 +/- 0.74 mm.

CONCLUSION: The routine use of a zygomatic osteotomy in approaches to the MCF does not provide very much increased exposure. However, in patients with exceptionally

thick temporalis muscles or a high ZA, a zygomatic osteotomy may be helpful in providing exposure of the floor of the MCF.”
“Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in genes coding metabolizing enzymes modulate gene functions and cellular toxicity in response to chemicals. Quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) is an important detoxification enzyme involved in the catabolism of 1,4-benzoquinone (1,4-BQ), a benzene metabolite believed to be associated with bone-marrow toxicity and leukemia. Gene function was evaluated in immortalized human B lymphocytes derived from a Chinese Han population with independent genotypes at 2 NQO1 SNP sites. 1,4-Benzoquinone was incubated with these immortalized lymphocytes of differing genotypes. Among the genotypes of 2 SNP examined, cell lines with rs1800566CC showed a higher NQO1 enzymic activity Selleck RepSox after a 48 h of treatment with 10

M 1,4-BQ, and a lower comet rate compared with cells of CT/TT genotypes. Data suggested that NQO1 rs1800566 might serve as a functional genetic marker for benzene toxicity in the Chinese Han population. The immortalized B lymphocytes derived from different HAS1 populations might thus be used as a biomarker to detect functional genetic markers related to exposure to environmental chemicals.”
“OBJECTIVE: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has become

routine for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease and essential tremor. Because both of these disorders are common in patients older than the age of 60, neurosurgeons are likely to encounter increasing numbers of patients who require DBS surgery but who already have another electronic medical implant such as a cardiac pacemaker/defibrillator or intrathecal infusion pump, raising the concern that one device might interfere with the performance of the other.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION: Herein we report a modification of surgical technique resulting in the successful use of thalamic DBS to treat disabling essential tremor in a man with a previously implanted cochlear implant.

INTERVENTION AND TECHNIQUE: The presence of the cochlear implant necessitated a number of modifications to our standard surgical technique including surgical removal of the subgaleal magnet that holds the receiver to the scalp and the use of computed tomography instead of magnetic resonance imaging to target the thalamus. More than a year after surgery, the patient is enjoying continued tremor suppression and an enhanced quality of life.