Leakage of exudate was identified using fluorescence microscopy. Microvascular permeability was measured using the Evans blue dye technique. Expression of the Muc5ac gene was measured using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.
Results:
Mucosal edema and expression of the Muc5ac gene were significantly lower LY294002 concentration in the LPS/saline group than in the LPS group. Microvascular permeability, mucosal edema, and expression of the Muc5ac gene were significantly lower in the LPS/selenium group than in the LPS group. Mucosal edema was similar in the LPS/selenium group and LPS/saline group, but capillary permeability and Muc5ac expression were lower in the LPS/selenium group.
Conclusions: This study shows that normal saline and selenium-enriched hot spring water reduce inflammatory activity and mucus hypersecretion in LPS-induced GS-9973 in vivo rhinosinusitis in rats. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland
Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Objective: Palatal anomalies are one of the identifying features of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) affecting about one third of patients. To identify genetic variants that increase the risk of cleft or palatal anomalies in 22q11.2DS patients, we performed a candidate gene association study in 101 patients with 22q11.2DS genotyped with the Affymetrix genome-wide human SNP array 6.0.
Methods: Patients from Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, USA and Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital Utrecht, The Netherlands were stratified
based on palatal phenotype (overt cleft, submucosal cleft, bifid uvula). SNPs in 21 candidate genes for cleft palate were analyzed for genotype-phenotype association. In addition, TBX1 sequencing was carried out. Quality control and association analyses were conducted using the software package PLINK.
Results: Genotype and phenotype data of 101 unrelated patients (63 non-cleft subjects (62.4%), 38 cleft subjects (37.6%)) were analyzed. A Total of 39 SNPs on 10 genes demonstrated a p-value <= 0.05 prior to correction. The most significant SNPs were found on FGF10. However none of the SNPs remained significant after correcting for multiple testing.
Conclusions: Although these results are promising, analysis of additional samples will be required to confirm that variants in these regions influence risk for cleft palate or palatal anomalies in 22q11.2DS patients. (C) Selleckchem Dactolisib 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Purpose of review
To summarize recent findings on new pathogenic mechanisms of interaction between genetic and environmental factors and between innate and adaptive immunity in primary Sjogren’s syndrome and to reconcile pathogenesis and treatment by focusing on the crucial pathogenic steps that could be targeted by emerging therapies.
Recent findings
Regarding genetic predisposition, the functional relevance of IRF5 and STAT4 gene polymorphisms in the activation of type I interferon pathways has been demonstrated.