The loading cases standing, flexion, extension, lateral bending, axial rotation and walking were simulated. In a subsequent sensitivity analysis, the coefficients of correlation and determination of the input parameters on the von Mises stresses were calculated. The loading case has a strong influence on the maximum

von Mises stress. In cancellous bone, the median value of the maximum von Mises stresses for the different input parameter combinations varied between 1.5 (standing) and 4.5 MPa (flexion). The ranges of the stresses are large for all loading cases studied. Depending on the loading case, up to 69% of the maximum stress variation could be explained by the seven input parameters. The fracture shape and the elastic modulus of the fractured region have the highest influence. In cortical bone, the median values of the maximum von Mises stresses varied Cl-amidine clinical trial between 31.1 (standing) and 61.8 MPa (flexion). The seven input parameters could explain up to 80% of the stress variation here. It is the fracture shape, which has always the highest influence on the stress variation. In bone cement, the median value

of the maximum von Mises stresses varied between 3.8 (standing) and 12.7 MPa (flexion). Up to 75% of the maximum stress variation in cement could be explained by the seven input parameters. Fracture shape, and the elastic moduli of bone cement and of the fracture region are those input find more parameters with the highest influence on the stress

variation. In the model with no fracture, the maximum von Mises stresses are generally low. The present probabilistic and sensitivity study clearly showed that in vertebroplasty the maximum stresses in the augmented vertebral body and in bone cement depend mainly on the loading JNK-IN-8 case and fracture shape. Elastic moduli of cement, fracture region and cancellous bone as well as cement volume have sometimes a moderate effect while number and symmetry of cement plugs have virtually no effect on the maximum stresses.”
“Background: The free fibula flap is the standard of care in mandibular reconstruction; however, procedural nuances continue to optimize results. More accurate and efficient osteotomies for graft insetting can be envisioned, which address the difficulty in obtaining a perfect match between the cut ends of the fibula and the mandible and the subsequent giving up of maximal bone contact. We propose a method of complementary offset osteotomies. The angled cuts were virtually planned using three-dimensional computed tomographic images. Optimal offset cuts maximized surface area contact and facilitated intraoperative repositioning in the setting of additional native bone margin requirement.