The nanotip -plate distance was increased with a constant speed to thin the NCs, and the atomic configuration, applied force and stress, conductance, and current density of the NCs were investigated. The stress during thinning was analyzed as a function of strain, and the Young’s modulus of the NCs was estimated. It was found that the Young’s modulus, i.e., the elastic property, of the NCs changes when the minimum cross-sectional width of the NCs decreases to less than similar

to 1 nm. The critical shear stress of the NCs increased to 0.2 GPa when the width decreased to less than similar to 1: 5 nm, suggesting that the deformation mechanism of the NCs changed from dislocation-mediated selleck chemicals slips to homogeneous slips owing to thinning. The nanotip -plate distance was also controlled using a conductance feedback system. Ag NCs exhibiting conductances

of 1-3G(0) (where G(0) = 2e(2)/h; where e is the charge of an electron CA4P and h is Planck’s constant) were observed continuously. When feedback conductance was assigned to be 1G(0), zero-length contacts of width with one, two, and three atoms, were observed under a force of 4-5 nN with a count ratio of 27, 60, and 13%, respectively. It was demonstrated that several types of contacts exhibit the same conductance at the quantized levels. (C) 2010 The Japan Society of Applied Physics”
“Objective: To compare the efficacy of intrauterine balloon, intrauterine contraceptive device and hyaluronic acid gel in the prevention of the adhesion reformation after hysteroscopic adhesiolysis for Asherman’s syndrome.\n\nStudy design: Retrospective cohort study of 107 women with Asherman’s syndrome who were treated with hysteroscopic division of intrauterine adhesions. After hysteroscopic adhesiolysis, 20 patients had intrauterine balloon inserted, 28

patients had intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) fitted, 18 patients had hyaluronic acid gel instilled into the uterine cavity, and Selleckchem Kinase Inhibitor Library 41 control subjects did not have any of the three additional treatment measures. A second-look hysteroscopy was performed in all cases, and the effect of hysteroscopic adhesiolysis was scored by the American Fertility Society classification system.\n\nResults: Both the intrauterine balloon group and the IUD group achieved significantly (P < 0.001) greater reduction in the adhesion score than that of the hyaluronic acid gel group and control group. The efficacy of the balloon was greater than that of the IUD (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in results between the hyaluronic acid gel group and the control groups.\n\nConclusion: The insertion of an intrauterine balloon or intrauterine device is more effective than the use of hyaluronic acid gel in the prevention of intra-uterine adhesion reformation. Crown Copyright (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.