This study investigated the effects of MPH administration on the variability in RT and error performance on a sustained attention task of a group of 31 medication naive children with ADHD, compared with 22 non-ADHD, non-medicated, selleckchem control children. All children performed the fixed-sequence sustained attention to response task (SART) at two time-points: at baseline and after six weeks. The children with ADHD were tested when medication naive at baseline and after six weeks of treatment with MPH and whilst on medication. The medication naive children with ADHD performed the SART with greater errors of commission and omission when compared with the control group. They demonstrated

greater standard deviation of RT and fast moment-to-moment variability. They did not differ significantly from the control group in terms of slow variability in RT. MPH administration resulted in reduced and normalised levels of commission errors and fast, moment-to-moment variability

in RT. MPH did not affect the rate of omission errors, standard deviation of RT or slow frequency variability in RT. MPH administration may have a specific effect on those performance components that reflect sustained attention and top-down control rather than arousal. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Background: It has been proposed that subtle genetic changes in epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) subunits might be at the origin of less rare forms of hypertension. In some populations, subtle functional genetic changes in ENaC genes associated with essential

hypertension AZD1480 cost were indeed observed. To further test this hypothesis, we observed the role of three functional variants G2139A, A334T and A663T in the alpha-ENaC gene on essential hypertension in two Chinese minority groups, the Kazaks and Uyghurs. Methods: A population-based case-control study was carried out in the two populations mentioned above. Results: The distribution of genotype and allele frequencies of G2139A, A334T and A663T did not differ significantly between hypertensive subjects and control subjects in both Kazak and Uyghur populations. No significant associations of the three polymorphisms with hypertension were observed in both populations in univariate and multivariate logistic Foretinib purchase regression analysis by applying dominant, additive and recessive models. Haplotype-based association analysis based on G2139A, A334T and A663T did not show significant association between hypertensive subjects and control subjects in both populations. Conclusions: For the above variants, we did not confirm the hypothesis that subtle genetic changes in alpha-ENaC subunits might be at the origin of essential hypertension in our populations. Copyright (C) 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel.”
“The primate cortex represents perceived and produced events in a distributed way, which calls for a mechanism that integrates their features into coherent structures.