ARFI liver stiffness measurements (LSMs) have excellent accuracy in differentiating fibrosis grades, but their place in the assessment of portal hypertension and decompensation is uncertain. Strong correlations between ARFI and liver residual mass1, and high accuracy in the prediction

of complications have been reported2. Aim: To confirm whether ARFI LSMs correlate with Child Pugh grade, or have utility in predicting cirrhotic complications. Method: We analyzed 72 patients with clinical cirrhosis click here who underwent LSMs at our institution. All patients had readings taken by two or more blinded operators, resulting in a total of 180 measurement sets. Complications of cirrhosis were determined from medical records, and Child Pugh grade was calculated www.selleckchem.com/products/CAL-101.html from results taken within 90 days of ARFI testing (n = 54). The

presence of esophageal varices were analyzed among 47 patients, who had undergone gastroscopy within one year. Results: Our study included patients with Hepatitis C (28%), Hepatitis B (12%), NAFLD (22.7%) and Alcoholic Cirrhosis (22.7%). The majority of patients had early cirrhosis, with 70%, 26% and 4% having Child Pugh A, B and C cirrhosis respectively. Sixty-two percent of patients were found to have esophageal varices on gastroscopy, 45% of which were small, 41% medium and 14% large in size. The correlation between ARFI measurements and Child Pugh

was weak, with a Spearman’s rho of 0.11 (p = 0.428). The mean ARFI velocity in patients with Child Pugh A vs. B/C cirrhosis was 2.47 vs. 2.51 m/s respectively (p = 0.748). A weak relationship was also found with esophageal varices, with average LSM velocities being 2.47 (95%CI: 2.25–2.68), 2.67 (95%CI: 2.38–2.96) and 2.51 m/s (95%CI: 2.25–2.77) in patients with no, small or medium/large varices respectively. The AUROC for predicting the presence of varices was 0.567 (95%CI: 0.39–0.74), selleck chemicals and the test achieved a sensitivity of 0.75 when adopting an optimized cut-off of 2.16 m/s. Only modest predictive value for ascites and encephalopathy was seen, with an AUROC of 0.598 (95%CI: 0.42–0.77) and 0.543 (95%CI: 0.33–0.76) respectively. Conclusion: ARFI did not correlate well with Child Pugh grade, and had only a modest predictive value for esophageal varices, ascites or encephalopathy. These results caution against placing significant weight on LSMs when assessing cirrhosis severity. 1. Bota S, Sporea I, Sirli R, Popescu A, Dănilă M, Sendroiu M. The influence of liver residual mass on the values of Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse Elastography (ARFI) in cirrhotic patients. Medical Ultrasonography. 2011; 13(3):195–199. 2. Morishita N, Hiramatsu N, Oze T, Harada N, Yamada R, Miyazaki M, Yakushijin T, Miyagi T, Yoshida Y, Tatsumi T, Kanto T, Takehara T.

Cloning and sequencing of the 549-bp RT-PCR amplicon of the helicase domain from grapevine cv. Shiraz lead to the detection of a variant of GLRaV-3, which shared only 69.6–74.1% nt similarity with other variants, including the recently reported, new, highly divergent variant, isolate 139. This was confirmed by the results of the analysis of 517-bp amplicon of the HSP70 gene of GLRaV-3 generated in RT-nested PCR based on degenerate primers for the http://www.selleckchem.com/products/kpt-330.html simultaneous amplification of members

of the Closteroviridae family designed by Dovas and Katis (J Virol Methods, 109, 2003, 217). In this genomic region, the variant shares 72.3–78.7% nt similarity with other variants of GLRaV-3. R428 This previously unreported, new, highly divergent variant was provisionally named GTG10. From the alignment of the HSP70 sequences primers for the specific RT-nested PCR amplification of the variant GTG10 and members of group VI, and specific simultaneous amplification of variants of groups I, II and III, were designed. The results obtained from brief testing of various grapevines using all these primers suggest a relatively limited presence of GTG10 variant in vineyards. “
“Maize rough dwarf disease caused by Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) is the most important disease of maize in China. Although deploying disease resistant

hybrids would be the most effective way to control the disease, development of resistant hybrids has been limited by virus transmission rates that are too low for effective screening. An efficient inoculation technique for RBSDV was developed using Laodelphax striatellus Fallen, in which a virus-free planthopper colony was developed and viruliferous planthoppers were obtained by allowing a 3- to 4-day acquisition access period on RBSDV-infected

wheat plants. Planthoppers were then allowed a 25- to 28-day latent period on wheat seedlings followed by a 3-day inoculation access period on two-to-three-leaf stage maize seedlings. find more By 35 days postinoculation, susceptible hybrid ‘Zhengdan 958’, inbred lines of ‘Ye 107’ and ‘Ye 478’ plants showed 100% RBSDV infection with symptoms of stunting plants, darkening leaves and white waxy swellings on underside of leaves. At tasseling stage, average disease indices were from 96.4 to 100.0%. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were correlated with the presence of symptoms. The high efficiency of RBSDV transmission obtained using this technique provides a reliable procedure to screen for RBSDV resistance in maize. “
“Conidia of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides germinate and form infection hyphae on inoculated, immature mango but remain quiescent until fruit ripening. Antifungal resorcinols have previously been implicated for quiescence of C. gloesoporioides and Alternaria alternata on mango.

9 ± 13.6 years old while 43.6 ± 15.4 years old in control group, p = 0.017). 15 patients (18.1%) in PAI group progressed during the period of follow-up while 23 patients (14.0%) in control group, which was no significant difference (p = 0.794). 3 patients (3.6%) in PAI group progressed

to pan-colitis while 3 patients (1.8%) in control group, too. Conclusion: We found a higher incidence rate of PAI in Chinese UC population and UC patients with PAI were younger than those without PAI. Patients with PAI seemed to be more likely to progress to pan-colitis, although there was no significant difference compared with control group. The clinical significance of PAI needs further investigation. Key Word(s): 1. peri-appendiceal; 2. inflammation; 3. ulcerative colitis; Presenting ACP-196 cost Author: PRATAP MOULI VENIGALLA Additional Authors: KHUSHBOO MUNOT, VINEET AHUJA Corresponding Author: PRATAP MOULI VENIGALLA Affiliations: [email protected] Objective: Background: Intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) and Crohn’s Disease (CD) are chronic granulomatous disorders which present in a similar fashion as ulcer-constrictive intestinal disease making differentiation between these diseases a difficult task in a substantial proportion of patients. A therapeutic trial of anti-TB therapy

(ATT) is often required to distinguish between these two diseases in such scenario. Aim: To evaluate the temporal profile of symptom response in a well characterized cohort of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) who received a trial of Anti-tubercular therapy (ATT) prior to an eventual diagnosis of CD. Methods: This observational study included selleck compound 109 patients with ulceroconstrictive intestinal disease on ATT

trial before being Sulfite dehydrogenase diagnosed as CD and 25 intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) patients. Clinical and endoscopic features were evaluated at baseline 2, 3, 6 and >6 months after ATT completion. The outcome variables were global symptomatic response at 2, 3, 6 and >6 months time and mucosal healing after starting ATT. Responses were classified as complete, partial, no response and worsening/relapse. Results: Of 380 consecutive patients with CD, 115 (30.3%) received ATT trial. One hundred nine patients (mean age 35.1 ± 13.5years, 40.4% females) were included. Partial/complete response on ATT in CD patients was seen in 43 (39.5%) patients at 3 months, 55 (55%) at 6 months and 34 (51.5%) at >6 months. Mucosal healing was seen in only 16.1% CD patients compared to ITB (88.2%). ITB patients demonstrated significantly higher rates of complete response at 3 months (68% vs 4.6%, p < 0.001) compared to CD patients. All ITB patients showed complete or partial response by 3 months. Conclusion: Disproportionately lower mucosal healing rate despite an overall 50% symptom response rate with 6 months of ATT trial as seen in CD patients suggested a need for a repeat colonoscopy for diagnosing CD in tuberculosis endemic regions.

Disclosures: The following people have nothing to disclose: Francesco Ridolfi, Teresa Abbattista, Annamaria Schimizzi, Eugenio Brunelli Background AZD2014 concentration & Aims: Supersonic shear-wave elastography (SWE) has not been investigated in patients with alcoholic liver disease, and there is sparse data regarding transient elastography (TE). A particular concern is whether ongoing alcohol abuse and inflammation affects liver stiffness measurements. Methods:

In two cohorts of patients with prior or current alcohol abuse the influence of METAVIR fibrosis stage, ongoing drinking, alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase, AB0 blood type, BMI, smoking, gender and age on SWE and TE measurements and failure rates were evaluated by regression analysis. SWE were considered a failure if Neratinib mw less than three measurements could be obtained

with a Q-box of at least 15mm and a standard deviation below 30% of the mean. Results: 252 patients were included (61% male, mean age 55 years). The majority of patients had a liver biopsy performed on the same day as the elastographies (n=141, METAVIR F0/1/2/3/4 = 31/34/19/9/48). Of the included patients, 72 were still drinking alcohol, of whom 36 were classified as abusers (>24g of alcohol per day for men and >16g/d for women). The median ALT and alkaline phosphatase were 34 U/L (interquartile range 24) and 98 U/L (interquartile range 63). There was no evidence of collinearity. In univariate regression analysis, degree of fibrosis, alcohol abstinence and level of alkaline phosphatase correlated with higher liver stiffness values measured by SWE. Degree of fibrosis and alkaline phosphatase correlated with higher TE measurements. Neither alcohol overuse nor ALT were predictors of liver stiffness. In multivariate analysis, degree of fibrosis and level of alkaline phosphatase correlated with higher liver stiffness for both SWE (fibrosis grade, coefficient 4.10, 95% CI 2.96-5.24,

P<0.001 and alkaline phosphatase, coefficient 0.06, 95% CI 0.03-0.09, P<0.001) and Niclosamide TE (fibrosis grade, coefficient 7.16, 95% CI 5.43-8.89, P<0.001 and alkaline phosphatase, coefficient 0.09, 95% CI 0.05-0.13, P<0.001). Alcohol abstinence, smoking and age were all correlated with higher rate of SWE failures in univariate analysis. However, the only independent predictors of failure using SWE were smoking (coefficient −0.07, 95% CI −0.14 to −0.004, P=0.039) and age (coefficient -0.004, 95% CI −0.01 to −0.00, P=0.046). BMI were the only predictor of TE failure in both uni- and multivariate analysis (coefficient −0.02, 95% CI −0.03 to −0.01, P<0.001). Conclusions: In patients with alcoholic liver disease, fibrosis grade and alkaline phosphatase influence elastography measurements using SWE or TE. Ongoing alcohol abuse does not impair liver stiffness measurements in patients with alcoholic liver disease. Disclosures: Christian P.

The dose response observed with conditioned media suggests that activation of TLR9 requires a threshold concentration of DNA. The endosomal location of TLR9 has been shown to be a critical determinant in regulating the discrimination between self and nonself DNA.28 However, under certain conditions intracellular TLR9 has also been shown to respond to DNA molecules traditionally considered inactive. At high concentrations, DNA strands that lack canonical CpG motifs, contain phosphodiester bonds, and structurally resemble endogenous mammalian DNA can become immunostimulatory and trigger TLR9-dependent cytokine production.12, 40 In addition, necrosis

itself may induce modifications in endogenous DNA that could potentially increase its binding or activation of TLR9. It is therefore Talazoparib conceivable that in situations such as liver I/R, in which there is extensive uncontrolled necrosis, the host’s ability to control cell death is overwhelmed,

resulting in a dysregulated inflammatory response. HMGB1 is well recognized for its role as a DNA-binding protein that is passively released after necrosis.8, 41 HMGB1 also has been shown to exert its pro-inflammatory effect through multiple pattern-recognition receptors, including TLR9.13, 38 In liver I/R, the failure of anti-HMGB1 to confer additional protection to TLR4−/− mice suggests that during hepatic inflammation HMGB1 acts predominantly through TLR4.7 We found no difference in neutrophil TLR4 expression between WT and TLR9−/− mice before or after I/R (unpublished data). Although the functional outcome and signaling cascades that result from single TLR blockade are well described, the intricacies learn more of signaling when multiple pathways are blocked remain unclear. Our data reveal that maximal cytokine suppression and increased resistance to hepatic ischemia can be achieved when both TLR9 and HMGB1 signaling are absent. These results confirm that DNA and HMGB1 play nonredundant roles as DAMPs in liver I/R as they promote inflammation and neutrophil-mediated collateral damage. Our data show that TLR9−/− mice regulate local and systemic inflammation after

liver I/R via impaired neutrophil function. Although the use of iCpG to block a crucial Thiamet G DAMP pathway might serve as a therapeutic option in the treatment of liver I/R, blockade of multiple pathways can limit injury further. Understanding the role and interplay between pattern recognition receptors on immune cells may create novel and more innovative approaches to dealing with a variety of conditions associated with I/R. “
“Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cells paradoxically express the death ligand, tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and, therefore, are dependent upon potent survival signals to circumvent TRAIL cytotoxicity. CCAs are also highly desmoplastic cancers with a tumor microenvironment rich in myofibroblasts (MFBs). Herein, we examine a role for MFB-derived CCA survival signals.

Subsequently pharmacokinetic data on GSK126 molecular weight FVIII from 147 individuals with haemophilia A (48 children ages 1–6 years

of age and 99 individuals ages 10–65 years of age) were used for simulations of commonly used prophylactic regimens to calculate their effect on FVIII levels during prophylaxis [30]. The results of the simulations demonstrated that individual half-life of infused FVIII and frequency of dosing have a much larger effect on FVIII trough levels and time per week with FVIII levels <1% than recovery and infused dose. Given the significant variation of individual patients’ FVIII and FIX pharmacokinetic profiles, attention to frequency of infusions should allow a more cost-effective use of FVIII and FIX in prophylaxis regimens. The concept that pharmacokinetically tailored dosing of FVIII and FIX could result in considerable savings of factor concentrates compared to standard

(‘fixed’) prophylaxis protocols is supported by publications of Carlsson, Björkman, Berntorp and co-workers [30–33]. A challenge to PK directed therapy that would allow easy alteration in prophylaxis regimens to achieve, for example, higher threshold (‘trough’) FVIII or FIX levels, is the perceived need to perform very demanding conventional PK studies on individual patients. This problem can be overcome BYL719 order by using Bayesian PK analysis, utilizing a population pharmacokinetic model that allows a sparse blood sampling protocol [34]. Use of prophylaxis in the late adolescent/adult haemophilia population is increasing particularly in countries with unrestricted access to safe FVIII and FIX concentrates [35,36]. As an

example in a recent survey of 2663 persons with haemophilia A or B followed in Canadian http://www.selleck.co.jp/products/Romidepsin-FK228.html Comprehensive Care Hemophilia Treatment Centres, 53% of individuals with severe haemophilia A and 20% with severe haemophilia B >18 years of age were identified to be receiving prophylaxis defined as the infusion of FVIII or FIX at least once weekly for >45 weeks during the year 2006 [37]. An important question, in the context of prophylaxis use in the adult haemophilia population, is whether prophylaxis can be safely discontinued in individuals who have been receiving intermediate or full-dose prophylaxis from an early age of life. Data reported from Denmark and the Netherlands are instructive in this regard. In Denmark, patients with severe haemophilia are treated using the high-dose Swedish prophylaxis protocol, whereas the Dutch patients, as described earlier in this review, receive an intermediate-dose prophylaxis regimen. Of a total 49 Dutch patients who received intermediate-dose prophylaxis from an early age in life, 11 (22%) were able to permanently discontinue prophylaxis [38]. The median age of the cohort was 23.4 years at the time of analysis, and the median follow-up off prophylaxis was 3.2 years.

This study characterizes the allelic and haplotype frequencies, genetic diversity, population differentiation and linkage disequilibrium of five microsatellites (F8Int1, F8Int13, F8Int22, F8Int25.3 and IKBKG) in samples of healthy individuals from São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul and Pernambuco and of patients from São Paulo with haemophilia A to determine the degree of informativeness of these microsatellites for diagnostic purposes. The interpopulational diversity parameters highlight the differences selleck compound among the analyzed population samples. Regional differences

in allelic frequencies must be taken into account when conducting indirect diagnosis of haemophilia A. With the exception of IKBKG, all of the microsatellites presented high heterozygosity levels. Using the markers described, diagnosis was possible in 10 of 11 families. The F8Int22, F8Int1, Selleck PXD101 F8Int13, F8Int25.3 and IKBKG microsatellites were informative in seven, six, five and two of the cases, respectively, demonstrating the effectiveness of using these microsatellites in prenatal diagnosis and in carrier identification in the Brazilian population. “
“Prophylaxis has become the standard mantra of care for those individuals with severe haemophilia A and B.

Primary prophylaxis is advocated to prevent the occurrence of symptomatic acute spontaneous haemarthroses and to preserve joint structure and function. Typically, twice

or thrice weekly infusions of factor VIII or IX concentrates are integral to this treatment approach. Secondary prophylaxis is initiated after the relentless cycle of progressive joint damage has been triggered by prior haemarthroses and is intended to preserve existing joint health by preventing additional spontaneous bleeding events. Event-driven prophylaxis involves the administration of clotting factor concentrates to prevent acute traumatic bleeds, which are anticipated to occur in association with surgical or physical G protein-coupled receptor kinase trauma. This regimen enhances the effectiveness of primary or secondary prophylaxis protocols or on-demand approaches to replacement therapy. Besides the marked reduction in the so-called annual bleed rate, prophylaxis regimens frequently increase personal self-confidence to embark on a more active and physical lifestyle; however, in reality, prophylaxis must be individualized in accordance with bleeding phenotypes, with the unique pharmacokinetic profile of administered replacement clotting factor concentrates, with the specific clinical scenario, and with the degree of intensity anticipated for any physical activity.

“
“Background and Aim:  The objective of this 11-year cohort retrospective study conducted in adult patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) who underwent liver transplantation (LT) was to identify whether human leukocyte antigen (HLA) mismatching is associated with the recurrence of HCV and with the time to recurrence of HCV. Methods:  Among the 181 patients (74% men; mean age: 54 years, range 25–71) who underwent a LT between 1995 and 2006 in the study center, 163 had relevant data in their medical

chart documenting HCV recurrence, and 107 (65.64%) reported a histological evidence of HCV recurrence. Results:  Survival was 78% at 5 years. There was no significant relationship between the total score of HLA-mismatches and the recurrence of HCV. Similarly, there was no significant relationship MLN0128 mouse between the total score of HLA mismatches and the time to recurrence of HCV. For the analyses at each individual locus, a significant relationship RNA Synthesis inhibitor between the individual scores of HLA-mismatches and the recurrence of HCV were observed. Out of the 40 patients who experienced a rejection, the rate of recurrence was not different according to the severity of the rejection (75% mild, 64% moderate and 64% for severe rejection). Conclusions:  In conclusion, this

large study did not demonstrate any relationship between the total score of HLA mismatches and HCV-recurrence. Contrarily a significant relationship between the individual Galeterone scores of HLA mismatches (HLA-A3, HLA-B35, HLA-DR3, HLA-DR7, HLA-DQ2, HLA-DQ2-0) and the recurrence of HCV were observed. “
“The anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic heme degrading enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has been shown recently to interfere with replication of hepatitis C virus (HCV). We investigated the effect of HO-1 products carbon monoxide (CO), iron and biliverdin on HCV replication using the replicon cell lines Huh-5-15 and LucUbiNeo-ET, stably expressing HCV proteins NS3 through NS5B. Incubation of these cell lines in the presence of the CO donor methylene chloride transiently reduced HCV

replication, whereas an increase of iron in cell culture by administration of FeCl3 or iron-saturated lactoferrin did not interfere with HCV replication. Likewise, depletion of iron by deferoxamine during induction of HO-1 by cobalt-protoporphyrin IX did not restore HCV replication. The most prominent effect was observed after incubation of replicon cell lines in the presence of biliverdin. Biliverdin seems to interfere with HCV replication–mediated oxidative stress by inducing expression of antiviral interferons, such as interferon alpha2 and alpha17. Conclusion: The antioxidant biliverdin reduces HCV replication in vitro by triggering the antiviral interferon response and might improve HCV therapy in the future. (HEPATOLOGY 2009.) Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection represents one of the leading causes of chronic hepatitis worldwide, resulting in cirrhosis, steatosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma.

“
“Background and Aim:  The objective of this 11-year cohort retrospective study conducted in adult patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) who underwent liver transplantation (LT) was to identify whether human leukocyte antigen (HLA) mismatching is associated with the recurrence of HCV and with the time to recurrence of HCV. Methods:  Among the 181 patients (74% men; mean age: 54 years, range 25–71) who underwent a LT between 1995 and 2006 in the study center, 163 had relevant data in their medical

chart documenting HCV recurrence, and 107 (65.64%) reported a histological evidence of HCV recurrence. Results:  Survival was 78% at 5 years. There was no significant relationship between the total score of HLA-mismatches and the recurrence of HCV. Similarly, there was no significant relationship Buparlisib clinical trial between the total score of HLA mismatches and the time to recurrence of HCV. For the analyses at each individual locus, a significant relationship Selinexor ic50 between the individual scores of HLA-mismatches and the recurrence of HCV were observed. Out of the 40 patients who experienced a rejection, the rate of recurrence was not different according to the severity of the rejection (75% mild, 64% moderate and 64% for severe rejection). Conclusions:  In conclusion, this

large study did not demonstrate any relationship between the total score of HLA mismatches and HCV-recurrence. Contrarily a significant relationship between the individual FER scores of HLA mismatches (HLA-A3, HLA-B35, HLA-DR3, HLA-DR7, HLA-DQ2, HLA-DQ2-0) and the recurrence of HCV were observed. “
“The anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic heme degrading enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has been shown recently to interfere with replication of hepatitis C virus (HCV). We investigated the effect of HO-1 products carbon monoxide (CO), iron and biliverdin on HCV replication using the replicon cell lines Huh-5-15 and LucUbiNeo-ET, stably expressing HCV proteins NS3 through NS5B. Incubation of these cell lines in the presence of the CO donor methylene chloride transiently reduced HCV

replication, whereas an increase of iron in cell culture by administration of FeCl3 or iron-saturated lactoferrin did not interfere with HCV replication. Likewise, depletion of iron by deferoxamine during induction of HO-1 by cobalt-protoporphyrin IX did not restore HCV replication. The most prominent effect was observed after incubation of replicon cell lines in the presence of biliverdin. Biliverdin seems to interfere with HCV replication–mediated oxidative stress by inducing expression of antiviral interferons, such as interferon alpha2 and alpha17. Conclusion: The antioxidant biliverdin reduces HCV replication in vitro by triggering the antiviral interferon response and might improve HCV therapy in the future. (HEPATOLOGY 2009.) Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection represents one of the leading causes of chronic hepatitis worldwide, resulting in cirrhosis, steatosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma.

The present case describes learn more resolution of menstrually related migraine following aggressive treatment for infiltrating ductal carcinoma (neoadjuvant chemotherapy, single radical mastectomy, and locoregional radiation therapy) that was maintained with supplemental treatment using tamoxifen, an anti-estrogenic agent. This novel case is presented to stimulate further research into the hormonal mechanisms underlying migraine. “
“The American Headache

Society along with the editorial office and editorial board of Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain would like to acknowledge with gratitude our reviewers from the period January 1, 2013 to October 21, 2013. Elizabeth Loder (7) Dan Levy, Alan Rapoport (6) AP24534 order Shivang Joshi, Dale Nyholt, R. Allan Purdy, Stewart Tepper (5) Avi Ashkenazi, Steven Baskin, Marcelo Bigal, Dan Chasman, Bridget Maher, Elliot Schulman, Huma Sheikh, Jonathan Smith (4) Andrew Ahn, Frank Andrasik, Sheena Aurora, Heidi Blume, Rebecca Burch, Anne Calhoun, F. Michael Cutrer, Fred Freitag, Jong-Ling Fuh, Kenneth Holroyd, Leslie Kelman, Mark Kruit, Stephen Landy, Steven Linder, Delphine Magis, Vincent Martin, Paul Mathew, Robert Nicholson, Mario

Peres, Francoise Radat, Paul Rizzoli, Matthew Robbins, Ann Scher, Robert Shapiro, Josif Stakic, Deborah Tepper, William Young (3) Christopher Boes, Hayrunnisa Methisazone Bolay, Carlos Bordini, Terry Brown, Dawn Buse, Wei-Ta Chen, Wade Cooper, Gianluca Coppola, Paul Durham, Teresa Esposito, Randolph Evans, Charly Gaul, Mark Hallett, Nada Hindiyeh, Susan Hutchinson, Rigmor Jensen, Marielle Kabbouche, Zaza Katsarava, Sita Kedia, Jennifer

Kriegler, Mattias Linde, Grant Liu, Sylvia Lucas, van den Maagdenberg, Morris Maizels, Michael Marmura, Paul Martin, Manjit Matharu, Arne May, Franco Mongini, Abraham Nagy, Stephanie Nahas, Sid O’Bryant, James Otis, Alessandro Panconesi, Michael Perlis, Wilfred Pigeon, Steven Poceta, Allan Purdy, Innocenzo Rainero, Ana Recober-Montilla, Jason Rosenberg, A. Rothner, Todd Rozen, Michael Russell, Martin Ruttledge, Todd Schwedt, Elizabeth Seng, Daniel Serrano, Shashi Seshia, Stephen Silberstein, Anan Srikiatkhachorn, Walter Stewart, Lars Stovner, Christina Szperka, Frederick Taylor, Maurice Vincent, Barbara Vogler, David Watson, Randall Weeks, Rebecca Wells, Maria-Carmen Wilson, Paul Winner, Christian Woeber, Marcy Yonker, Aubrey Halpern, Margarita Sanchez del Rio (2) James Adelman, Sue Aicher, Andrea Antal, Verneri Anttila, Angela Applebee, John Arena, Enrico Arkink, Messoud Ashina, Sait Ashina, Brandon Aylward, Shawn Aylward, Viken Babikian, Anish Bahra, Zahid Bajwa, James Banks, Eric Baron, Pier Antonio Battistella, W.