Scanning EM of freeze-fractured cells also revealed globules within cytoplasmic bridges traversing the chloroplast, presumably representing the pathway of migration. Close alignments of globules with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes were also NVP-BGJ398 in vivo observed following VHL illumination. We propose that light-induced globule migration is regulated by the redox state of the photosynthetic electron transport system. Possible mechanisms of actin-based globule migration are discussed. “
“The LI818 proteins and their Lhcx homologs in diatoms are a subgroup of the light-harvesting (LHC) antenna family, suspected of being involved in photoprotection

and stress resistance. In this work, we report that the transcription

of three LI818–like genes in Thalassiosira pseudonana Hasle et Heimdal (Lhcx1, Lhcx5, and Lhcx6) was down-regulated under iron or copper deprivation and when both trace metals were limiting, as was the case for Lhcf4, one of the standard light-harvesting genes. By contrast, the protein encoded by Lhcx1 was clearly up-regulated under iron limitation, suggesting that this gene is independently regulated at transcriptional and translational levels. In general, copper starvation had less effect on the expression of light-harvesting protein genes than iron deprivation, reflecting the different roles of iron and copper in photosynthetic check details function, that is, as an essential part of the electron transport chain versus as a cofactor for enzymes required to

deal with the reactive oxygen species that result from inhibition of electron flow. Our results suggest that the Lhcx1 protein may be involved in stabilizing the photosynthetic apparatus when decreased nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) results from Fe deficiency. “
“Fifty-three strains of the genus Aphanizomenon isolated from Chinese waters were employed to conduct morphological examination and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, rbcLX (RUBISCO), and cpcBA-IGS gene regions. Based on morphological characteristics, the examined strains were divided into three morphotypes [Aph. flos-aquae Bréb. ex Bornet et Flahault, MCE Aph. gracile Lemmerm., and Aph. issatchenkoi (Usacer) Proshk.-Lavr.]. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA and rbcLX showed that Aphanizomenon strains could be divided into three main clades (Clade A of Aph. flos-aquae, Clade B of Aph. gracile, and Clade C of Aph. issatchenkoi), but two additional clades formed by Aph. ovalisporum and Aph. aphanizomenoides were detected in the 16S rDNA-based topology. All Aph. issatchenkoi strains contained an additional 175 nucleotides from the 779 to 954 nucleotide location in rbcLX region, compared with strains of Aph. flos-aquae and Aph. gracile. The cpcBA-IGS-based phylogenetic tree revealed that Aph. issatchenkoi strains were not discriminated from Aph.

Vaidya et al.[47] showed a positive association between vitamin D concentrations and levels of adiponectin in a large cohort of 1,645 patients. Interestingly, this relationship was not modified by body mass index (BMI) and has been duplicated in other smaller studies, although those populations were notably leaner and younger.[48, 49] This could potentially be explained by the inhibitory effects of vitamin D on the RAS as previously discussed, although further study is required.

A recent study in Iranian type 2 diabetic patients showed that vitamin D therapy in the form of a fortified yogurt drink significantly improved adiponectin levels.[28] Another key adipokine is leptin, which is Doramapimod mouse secreted by adipose tissue in response to a triglyceride-mediated expansion in adipocytes. Leptin oxidizes hepatic fatty acids (FA) by way of decreasing SREBP-1 expression[50] and prevents FA accumulation in nonadipose tissues. In addition

to promoting hepatic steatosis, leptin is thought to have proinflammatory and profibrotic effects, which are important in NASH pathogenesis.[51] Resistin is similarly produced by adipose tissue and is thought to promote the development of NASH by way of activation of c-Jun-terminal kinase (JNK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), which leads to increased IR.[52] Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and IL-6 are proinflammatory cytokines secreted by adipocytes from obese and insulin-resistant patients[53] MCE公司 and weight loss has been shown to lead to a decrease in serum levels.[54] Continuous exposure to TNF-α 5-Fluoracil and IL-6 is associated with hepatic IR, suggesting that the liver may be an important target for these adipocytokines[55] and inhibition of TNF-α activity through anti-TNF antibodies has been shown to prevent inflammation and improve NAFLD.[56] The effect of VDD on adiponectin, leptin, resistin, TNF-α, and IL-6 was recently investigated by Roth et al.[57] in a rat model where Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a low-fat diet (LFD) or a high-fat Western diet (WD). WD/VDD mice showed increased

hepatic steatosis compared to both VDD and vitamin D replete LFD groups. Hepatic histology also correlated to VDD with increased lobular inflammation and NAFLD activity score (NAS) seen in the WD/VDD mice versus WD/vitamin D replete. Resistin and IL-6 levels were also significantly higher in the WD/VDD group compared to WD/vitamin D replete. In total, these findings suggest VDD worsens NAFLD related to up-regulation of hepatic inflammatory and oxidative stress genes. The role of the intestinal tract, nutrients, and their relationship to gut microbiota in immune response and pathogenesis of NAFLD is also intriguing and may relate to VDD. Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) play an important role in activation of the immune system and are involved in the development of both systemic inflammation and obesity.

8 Recently, a well-designed study added more information to this scenario, showing that antiviral therapy before the development

of HCC conferred a lower 3-year recurrence than therapy after the development of HCC (42% vs 50%). Among the nucleos(t)ide analogs lamivudine, entecavir or lamivudine plus adefovir dipivoxil had favorable effect to decrease the late recurrence, and entecavir (the most potent antiviral) showed the best tendency of the three treatments.18 The last important issue that An’s study found was that HBV DNA was associated with not only HCC recurrence but also overall survival. Most (168 of 188 cases) of the patients enrolled in this study were Child-Pugh class A. Other studies with decompensated cirrhosis or end-stage HCC patients did not show better survival. From the heterogeneity MLN2238 cost of published studies, whether anti-HBV treatment could expand the lifespan of HCC patients remains controversial. We need prospective large-scale trials, with different stages of hepatitis B and cirrhotic HCC patients, to clarify the antiviral therapy for improving survival, in addition to decreasing HCC recurrence.

In summary, low HBV DNA and effective anti-HBV therapy yield less HCC recurrence after resection, but more data are needed to evaluate the long-term survival and overall clinical outcome. “
“Liver fibrosis occurs in response to almost all causes of chronic liver insults, and the initiation of its deposition imposes an important phase in chronic liver disease. Eventually, without appropriate interventions, IDH assay liver fibrosis progresses, leading to changes in liver morphology, deterioration of liver function and hemodynamics, complications due to portal hypertension, and an increased inclination for hepatocarcinogenesis. Thus, accurately determining the presence and degree of liver fibrosis is of paramount importance in identifying treatment strategies, responses to treatment, and the risks for liver-related complications and prognosis in patients with chronic liver disease. Liver biopsy remains the ‘gold standard’

for assessing the severity of liver fibrosis, but is invasive and sometimes associated with rare but serious complications, including bleeding, pneumothorax, 上海皓元 and procedure-related death.1 Furthermore, performing repeated biopsies within a short time frame is impractical to assess changes in the degree of liver fibrosis. In addition to sampling error inherent to the percutaneous approach, there is both intra- and interobserver variability in histological interpretation.2 An ideal non-invasive method for evaluating liver fibrosis should accurately determine the presence of significant fibrosis. In addition, it should be readily available, highly reproducible, and widely applicable to liver diseases with various causes.

Sixty patients treated by definitive chemoradiotherapy were followed by miniprobe endoscopic ultrasound and computed tomography.

The post-treatment esophageal wall thickness was measured by miniprobe endoscopic ultrasound. Metastatic tumors were evaluated by computed tomography. The correlation between post-treatment image findings and prognosis were evaluated. Twenty-four patients (40%) had esophageal stricture after chemoradiotherapy which limited complete evaluation by endoscopy. Miniprobe successfully penetrated all strictures to measure post-treatment esophageal wall thickness. Both post-treatment esophageal wall thickness < 8 mm measured by endoscopic Volasertib nmr ultrasound and no enlargement of metastatic tumor foci on computed tomography predicted good prognosis (P = 0.001). Combined evaluation with these two modalities improved survival prediction (P < 0.001). Patients who met the above 2 criteria after chemoradiotherapy had longest survival compared to those who met only one or none of the criteria. The corresponding median survivals were > 30 months, 16.8 months and 7.1 months, respectively (P < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, treatment response is the strongest independent prognostic ABT-737 datasheet factor (hazard ratio 3.65, P = 0.006) regardless of baseline TNM staging and chemoradiation regimen. Response evaluation by miniprobe endoscopic ultrasound

and computed tomography can predict the prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients treated by definitive chemoradiotherapy. Those who were judged as poor responder should receive additional treatment to improve outcome. “
“Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common disorders in both primary care and in gastroenterology consultation. The pathophysiology of GERD is primarily related to failure of the lower

esophageal sphinter’s antireflux mechanism, but other factors may contribute in selected patients. While erosive esophagitis is the most specific sign of GERD, the majority of patients with GERD will have a relatively normal endoscopic appearance to their esophagus. Ambulatory reflux monitoring and therapeutic trials are often used to confirm the disease in patients where that confirmation is critical. Acid suppression, usually using proton pump inhibitors remains the mainstay of medchemexpress GERD treatment both in the acute and chronic environments. Surgery for GERD is an option for selected patients and there is hope that an endoscopic approach may be developed and confirmed as an additional therapeutic option. “
“Background and Aim:  There are no data on how metabolic syndrome (MetS) affects the prevalence of synchronous colorectal neoplasm (CRN) in gastric neoplasm (GN) patients. The aim of this study was to investigate a model for risk stratification for colorectal screening by evaluating the clinical characteristics of synchronous CRN in GN patients classified according to the presence of MetS.

However, aminotransferase vary with Neratinib confounding factors (age, sex, body mass index (BMI), alcoholism, diabetes, etc). Normal aminotransferase does not rule out advanced liver disease. Currently used normal cut-offs were determined in pre-hepatitis C and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease era. Recently, different cut-off of aminotransferase for adult males(30 IU/l) and females(19 IU/l) is suggested. In India, we use normal range of

aminotransferase directly borrowed from western data or as directed on commercial kits. There are no guidelines for cut-off of aminotransferase in pediatric population. This study was planned to determine aminotransferase in asymptomatic healthy school children (AHSC) with normal BMI and no confounding factors. Methods: This prospective study was done during 2012 in 17 schools of Anand, western India. Total 3368 AHSC(5-18 yrs) agreed for clinical evaluation (history, examination and anthropometry), laboratory testing Atezolizumab supplier (ALT, AST, HBsAg, antiHCV, glucose, creatinine, cholesterol, bilirubin and

complete blood counts) and abdominal ultrasonography. Only AHSC with normal BMI(2716) were further analyzed. Confounding factors like hepatitis B (1), fatty liver disease(16), diabetes(2), dyslipidemia(24), elevated ALT&gt40 IU/l(42), elevated AST&gt40 IU/l(38), thallassemia (4), elevated bilirubin&gt1.5 mg/dl(9), and malaria(1) were also excluded from 2716 AHSC. In remaining AHSC (2615), mean age, BMI, ALT and AST values were analyzed. Results: In study population of 2615 AHSC with normal BMI and no confounding factors, mean age was 10.5±3.50 years, mean BMI=15.6±2.28 kg/m2, mean ALT=15.4±5.49 IU/l,

mean AST=20.9±5.25 IU/l. In males, mean age was 10.5±3.68 medchemexpress years, mean BMI=15.8±2.48 kg/m2, mean ALT=15.2±5.40 IU/l and mean AST=20.6±5.03 IU/l. In females, mean age was 10.5±3.38 years, mean BMI=15.5±2.14 kg/m2, mean ALT=15.5±5.55 IU/l and mean AST=21.1±5.38 IU/l. Conclusion: There is need to reevaluate cutoffs for ALT and AST in pediatric population. Key Word(s): 1. aminotransferase ; 2. body mass index; 3. school children; 4. gender; Presenting Author: NIKHIL PATEL Additional Authors: DEEPAK AMARAPURKAR, SANJAY PATEL, JAYESH BHATT, RITESH PRAJAPATI, PAYAL PATEL, SULABH SOLANKI, JIGNESH SHAH Corresponding Author: NIKHIL PATEL Affiliations: nil Objective: Pediatric liver diseases pose risk of morbidity and mortality, which is modified with early detection-treatment. In hospital-based pediatric studies, viral, Wilson’s disease, infantile cholestasis and cryptogenic etiologies predominate. Epidemiological studies are lacking in India. This prospective study was planned to define prevalence and etiology of liver disease in asymptomatic healthy school children (AHSC). Methods: This prospective study was done during 2012 in 17 schools of Anand. 10000 students participated by filling a questionnaire.

Conclusions: SWE and HRI measurements are non-invasive methods that can assist in clinical decision making in the assessment of fibrosis and steatosis in both OLT and non-OLT patients although caution should be exercised over the interpretation of these measurements in patients with a BMI>40. Disclosures: Akt inhibitor Edward I. Bluth – Advisory Committees or Review Panels: PHILLIPS; Grant/ Research Support: PHILLIPS The following people have nothing to disclose: George Therapondos, Michael T. Perry, Neal Savjani, Adriana Dornelles Background: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory immune-mediated skin disease which is showed to be associated with metabolic syndrome. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a hepatic manifestation

of metabolic syndrome, can progress to advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis. Liver biopsy is a gold standard method for assessing liver fibrosis; however it is invasive with possible risks. Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) by transient elastography (TE), a noninvasive liver fibrosis assessment tool, was evaluated in chronic liver diseases. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of significant liver fibrosis by LSM criteria and to identify the associate

factors of significant fibrosis in psoriatic patients. BAY 57-1293 molecular weight Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at psoriasis clinic from January 2013 to December 2013. Psoriatic patients were invited to participate with the study. The subjects underwent laboratory tests for biochemistry, ultrasonography and TE (Fibroscan®) after overnight fasting. LSM ≥7.1 kPa was defined as a significant liver fibrosis. The prevalence of significant fibrosis was calculated. Univariate analysis was performed to identify factors associated with significant fibrosis. Factors with p-value less than 0.10 were analyzed with multivariate logistic regression analysis. A p-value <0.05 was taken as statistical significance. Results: One hundred and sixty-eight patients 上海皓元 were enrolled. TE could not be performed in 3 patients due to obesity. Mean age was 49.22 (14.0) years. Ninety (54.5%) patients were female. Mean body mass index was 24.76 (4.7) kg/m2. Eighty-eight

(53.3%), 55 (33.3%) and 31 (18.8%) patients had hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus (DM). According to AHA/NHLBI criteria, metabolic syndrome was documented in 83 (50.3%) patients. Median duration of psoriasis was 13.00 (range: 0.4-68.0) years. Taking methotrexate over 1500 g in accumulating dosage was found in 39 (23.6%) patients. Mean LSM was 5.26 (2.9) kPa, and 18 (10.95%) patients had significant fibrosis. By multivariate analysis, DM (OR 17.65, 95%CI: 21.997-55.966; p=0.01), waist circumference (OR 1.24, 95%CI: 1.044-1.475; p=0.014) and AST level (OR 1.16, 95%CI: 1.052-1.288; p=0.003) were independently associated with significant fibrosis. Conclusions: Approximately 11% of psoriatic patients have significant liver fibrosis defined by transient elastography criteria.

Thirty specimens from 250 samples (12%) were ALK inhibitor diagnosed as SBP by manual cell count. Automated system provided higher value for SBP diagnosis in all parameters (sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy; 87.5–99.1%) whereas

the strip tests provided lower number in all parameters (80–98.6%). Multistix provided the lowest sensitivity (80%). The false negative rates by Aution, Multistix, Combur tests and automated cell count were 10%, 20%, 10% and 3.3%, respectively. By lowering the cut off for SBP diagnosis with the automated system to 200 cells/mm3, there was no false negative. Conclusions:  Comparing to reagent strips, automated cell count is a better screening tool for SBP diagnosis because it provides higher validity scores and a lower false negative rate. However, the discrepancy of cell count reading may occur, SCH 900776 we suggest using a lower cut off for SBP diagnosis by the automated system. Cirrhotic with ascites is prone to develop spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). The overall prevalence of SBP in cirrhotics presenting to hospital varies from 10–30%.1–3 In addition, the prevalence of SBP in asymptomatic

cirrhotics undergoing a routine large volume paracentesis is also significant (3.5%).4 The standard criteria for SBP diagnosis are an ascitic fluid polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell count of equal to or greater than 250/mm3 with or without a positive ascitic fluid bacterial culture.5 The available guideline from the International Ascites Club has suggested that all patients with ascites who got admitted should undergo for paracentesis.6 In addition, empirical antibiotic treatment for SBP should be started when there is an elevated ascites PMN count. However, a prompt result of ascitic fluid cell count is not possible in practical setting. On the other hand, ascitic fluid culture medchemexpress result always takes day to week thus it can not be used as a screening

tool. In addition, majority of patients with positive culture without PMN elevation (bacterascites) generally recover without a need for treatment.7 In search for rapid SBP diagnostic tests that based on PMN cell count, the only two techniques showing promising results are regent strip test and automated cell count. With difference in colorimetric scales, many reagent strips showed various acceptable results in efficacies.8–13 Likewise, automated cell count provides almost perfect validity scores and is rapidly available when manual cell count is referred as a gold standard.14,15 In the earlier year, many studies had shown the excellent efficacy of reagent strips in diagnosing SBP.8–13 However, recent data have been accumulated and raised a word of caution on the use of these devices due to a high risk of false negative results.16 To date, there has been no report on direct comparison of these two techniques for rapid diagnosis of SBP.

Infliximab was commenced in 2007, with a total Selleckchem Pirfenidone of 5 infusions (5 mg/kg) over a 2-year period. Interestingly, during treatment with infliximab her GA also improved dramatically, to the point of being barely noticeable. Unfortunately following improvement in the skin rash there was secondary loss of response to infliximab and the GA recurred. Adalimumab was commenced in 2008 and induced durable remission of the Crohn’s disease. Once again there was significant improvement in her GA after 6 months of treatment. [Figure 1A & 2A (before commencement of Adalimumab), Figure 1B & 2B (after maintenance treatment with Adalimumab)].

GA is a benign, asymptomatic, papular eruption that can occur at all ages. The primary skin lesion usually is grouped papules in an enlarging annular shape, with colour ranging from flesh-coloured to erythematous. It may be localized or disseminated in distribution. Although GA tends to be idiopathic, several case reports have shown an association with diabetes mellitus and solar radiation. There are also weaker associations with bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccination, drugs (allopurinol, zalcitabine), viral infections [Epstein-Barr virus, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C,

parvovirus B19 and herpes simplex virus], autoimmune thyroiditis and malignant conditions (Hodgkin disease, pulmonary adenocarcinoma, breast carcinoma, prostate, and ovarian cancer). GA is not a recognized extra-intestinal manifestation of IBD. GA has been documented to respond to treatment with dapsone, retinoids, antimalarials, psoralen plus ultraviolet A therapy,fumaric acid esters, tacrolimus, and selleck chemicals llc pimecrolimus. Case reports of both improvements and deteriorations in GA following medchemexpress treatment with anti-TNF therapy have been published. As far as we are aware, this is the first reported case of improvement of GA related to treatment of IBD using both infliximab and adalimumab and may support the role of tumour necrosis factor-alpha in the pathophysiology of GA. “
“The finding of a mass-lesion in the liver is not unusual because of the widespread

use of ultrasound for evaluation of abdominal complaints. Differentiating the different lesions can be challenging. Although the diagnosis can frequently be made radiologically, in specific circumstances a biopsy is required to confirm diagnosis. The common malignant lesions are primary hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and colon cancer metastases (which is not covered in this chapter). Common benign lesions include hemangioma, focal nodular hyperplasia, and hepatic adenoma. Additional lesions include liver abscess and a number of rare malignant and benign tumors. “
“Jørgensen first coined the term ductal plate malformation (DPM) in 1977,1 referring to a common pathology observed in many human congenital liver diseases involving the intrahepatic bile duct (IHBD) system.

Our group has already proved that both Curcuma Wenyujin and its extracts show great effects

in anti-inflammation and anti-cancer. Methods: Taking SGC7901 as the negative control group, we use MTT to prove Whether SGC7901/VCR is a kind of multidrug resistant cell lines and draw a DNA Damage inhibitor growth curve of SGC7901 and SGC7901/VCR cultivated without VCR, and to choose non-toxic dose of Curcuma Wenyujin ethanol extract (CWEE). Then to prove whether non-toxic dose of Wenyujin can reverse MDR by MTT. Testing CD44 of both SGC7901 and SGC7901/VCR by flow cytometry to see whether it is a mark of cancer stem cell. We also use flow cytometry to test the effect of CWEE on apoptosis rate induced by VCR and cycle arrested by VCR. Through Western blot, we can see if CWEE can regulate the expression of Pgp and LRP. Then we further test the location of Pgp by IHC. To get selleck kinase inhibitor a clear understanding of how CWEE affects the expression of Pgp and MRP1, we use RT-PCR to test the mRNA of Pgp and MRP1. Results: This study has proved that the SGC7901/VCR is a kind of multidrug resistant cell lines which resists Vincristine (VCR), Adriamycin (ADR), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cis-platinum

(DDP). Among these chemotherapeutics, the cell line has a strongest resistance (5259.22 ± 358.08-fold) to the VCR while it has a least resistance (1.37 ± 0.16-fold) to DDP. When it is cultured without VCR, it proliferates just like the nondrug resistant cell line SGC7901 in the first week, but the former proliferates much 上海皓元医药股份有限公司 more quickly in the second week. flow cytometry shows there is no difference of CD44

between SGC7901/VCR and SGC7901. MTT and flow cytometry reveal that CWEE can reverse the resistance of SGC7901/VCR to VCR, ADR and 5-FU which depends on the concentration of CWEE. Flow cytometry shows that CWEE can enhance apoptosis rate of SGC7901/VCR induced by VCR and increase the ratio of cells in G2/M stage arrested by VCR. Both Western blot and IHC show that Pgp and LRP expresses much higher in SGC7901/VCR than in SGVC7901. However, only Pgp can be reduced by WEE. The interesting thing is that RT-PCR reveals CWEE increases the transcription of Pgp. Both Western blot and IHC show that Pgp and LRP expresses much higher inSGC7901/VCR than in SGVC7901. However, only Pgp can be reduced by CWEE. RT-PCR also shows that CWEE can reduce the transcription of MRP1. Conclusion: SGC7901/vcr is a good cell line of MDR for experiments. SGC7901/VCR is more aggressive than SGC7901. CD44 may have no relation with SGC7901/VCR’s drug resistance. To be more exact, CD44 may not be considered as an independent mark of cancer stem cell. we may infer that CWEE reverse MDR mainly by inhibiting the process of translation instead of transcription of Pgp as well as the transcription of MRP1.

Our group has already proved that both Curcuma Wenyujin and its extracts show great effects

in anti-inflammation and anti-cancer. Methods: Taking SGC7901 as the negative control group, we use MTT to prove Whether SGC7901/VCR is a kind of multidrug resistant cell lines and draw a see more growth curve of SGC7901 and SGC7901/VCR cultivated without VCR, and to choose non-toxic dose of Curcuma Wenyujin ethanol extract (CWEE). Then to prove whether non-toxic dose of Wenyujin can reverse MDR by MTT. Testing CD44 of both SGC7901 and SGC7901/VCR by flow cytometry to see whether it is a mark of cancer stem cell. We also use flow cytometry to test the effect of CWEE on apoptosis rate induced by VCR and cycle arrested by VCR. Through Western blot, we can see if CWEE can regulate the expression of Pgp and LRP. Then we further test the location of Pgp by IHC. To get Stem Cells inhibitor a clear understanding of how CWEE affects the expression of Pgp and MRP1, we use RT-PCR to test the mRNA of Pgp and MRP1. Results: This study has proved that the SGC7901/VCR is a kind of multidrug resistant cell lines which resists Vincristine (VCR), Adriamycin (ADR), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cis-platinum

(DDP). Among these chemotherapeutics, the cell line has a strongest resistance (5259.22 ± 358.08-fold) to the VCR while it has a least resistance (1.37 ± 0.16-fold) to DDP. When it is cultured without VCR, it proliferates just like the nondrug resistant cell line SGC7901 in the first week, but the former proliferates much 上海皓元 more quickly in the second week. flow cytometry shows there is no difference of CD44

between SGC7901/VCR and SGC7901. MTT and flow cytometry reveal that CWEE can reverse the resistance of SGC7901/VCR to VCR, ADR and 5-FU which depends on the concentration of CWEE. Flow cytometry shows that CWEE can enhance apoptosis rate of SGC7901/VCR induced by VCR and increase the ratio of cells in G2/M stage arrested by VCR. Both Western blot and IHC show that Pgp and LRP expresses much higher in SGC7901/VCR than in SGVC7901. However, only Pgp can be reduced by WEE. The interesting thing is that RT-PCR reveals CWEE increases the transcription of Pgp. Both Western blot and IHC show that Pgp and LRP expresses much higher inSGC7901/VCR than in SGVC7901. However, only Pgp can be reduced by CWEE. RT-PCR also shows that CWEE can reduce the transcription of MRP1. Conclusion: SGC7901/vcr is a good cell line of MDR for experiments. SGC7901/VCR is more aggressive than SGC7901. CD44 may have no relation with SGC7901/VCR’s drug resistance. To be more exact, CD44 may not be considered as an independent mark of cancer stem cell. we may infer that CWEE reverse MDR mainly by inhibiting the process of translation instead of transcription of Pgp as well as the transcription of MRP1.