7% mortality and 58.0% functional independence), but following the guideline and criteria provided by National Institute of Neurological Disorder and Stroke (NINDS) and SITS (Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke) studies. find more Nepal needs to evidently introduce intravenous rt-PA in its

clinical setting for treatment of acute ischemic stroke, which has been approved for more than a decade ago in developed countries. Several modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors can affect the outcomes of the treatment with intravenous rt-PA. Early modification of factors predicting the risk outcomes can be a beneficial tool to justify the thrombolytic treatment. This article aims to review various factors that can affect the outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke.”
“Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is often the only curative option for people with otherwise this website fatal hematologic malignancies. As the number of allo-HCT procedures continues to increase [1], it is increasingly clear that a major obstacle to success is delayed immune recovery, which puts patients at risk for a wide variety of opportunistic infections [2-8]. Additionally, rapid early lymphocyte recovery may serve as a surrogate predictor of better transplant outcomes. Robust recovery of absolute lymphocyte

counts (ALC) early after transplantation is associated with improved survival following autologous, sibling, unrelated bone marrow, peripheral blood, and umbilical cord blood transplantation [9-15]. There is a clear need to develop strategies to accelerate and improve immune reconstitution (IR). Several novel approaches have been successfully tested in preclinical animal models and early human clinical trials. These include pretransplant androgen ablation, keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), and a p53 inhibitor or post-transplant administration of interleukin (IL)-7, IL-15, growth

hormone, or insulin-like growth factor-1 [16-20].”
“Background: In a majority of sub-Saharan African countries, counseling and provision of emergency contraception (EC) lag behind that of developed countries. As policymakers expand EC programs in the region, an understanding https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sn-38.html of provider knowledge and bias regarding EC is critical.\n\nStudy Design: Using data from recent surveys of Kenyan and Ethiopian health care providers in bivariate analyses and multivariate logit regression models, this study assesses whether variation in provider knowledge and bias regarding EC is associated with variation in EC counseling and provision.\n\nResults: Survey results indicate that 54% and 31% of Kenyan and Ethiopian providers, respectively, display strong EC counseling behavior, while 61% and 55%, respectively, report having ever provided EC. Bivariate and multivariate results show that, in Kenya, increased EC counseling and provision behaviors are associated with higher levels of provider knowledge.

Good agreement is obtained between computations and experimental results in terms of the predicted ablation depth per pulse and the wall taper angle of channels and holes. The model can predict ablated profiles of holes and indicate the most efficient drilling strategy in terms of material removal rates. The model also shows diffraction selleck compound effects are not required to explain the tapering vertical walls observed when ablating microstructures. Finally, the model has been used to demonstrate aberrations in an optical imaging system limiting the creation of submicron features in an ablated microstructure. Provided photons are absorbed linearly in a substrate according

to Beer’s law with negligible thermal diffusion effects, AZD4547 ic50 the model is equally applicable to using other types of pulsed laser sources and systems with imaged or focused beams. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://0-dx.doi.org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1063/1.4764871]“
“BACKGROUND\n\nAlthough

frozen adipose tissue is frequently used for soft tissue augmentation, the viability of frozen fat remains a controversy. The cryopreservation of adipose tissue is important for the future use of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and adipocytes.\n\nOBJECTIVE\n\nTo determine whether optimal cryopreservation techniques with regard to the addition of cryopreservative agents and preservation temperature is essential for the long-term storage this website of adipose tissue and whether ASCs from cryopreserved adipose aspirates are reliable for use in adipogenic differentiation.\n\nMATERIALS AND METHODS\n\nAdipose tissue was frozen directly or with cryoprotectant at -20 degrees C or -80 degrees C for 1 year. The viability of adipose aspirates and the differentiation of ASCs isolated from adipose

tissue were evaluated.\n\nRESULTS\n\nThe viability of adipose aspirates frozen with dimethyl sulfoxide at -80 degrees C was approximately 87% after 2 months of storage. Moreover, ASCs from adipose tissue stored with cryoprotectant survived successfully for 1 year and differentiated into adipocytes, although ASCs were not detected in the directly frozen adipose tissue.\n\nCONCLUSION\n\nAdipose tissue cryopreserved with cryoprotectant and stored at optimal temperature might prove to be a reliable source of human ASCs and adipocytes.\n\nThe authors have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters.”
“We describe 48 cases of HIV-1-infected children newly diagnosed in 2006 to 2012 in France. Native French children were born to women whose HIV testing were mostly missed (13.6%), offered late (9.1%) or negative at start of pregnancy and not subsequently reoffered (54.5%). HIV testing of immigrant children were performed late after arrival, despite prompt access to healthcare structures. HIV testing strategies need to be improved.

Network analysis of expression data identified the Aurora B signaling, FOXM1 transcription factor network and Wnt signaling pathways pairs being altered in HCC. We validated as differential gene expression BI 6727 findings in a large data set

containing of 434 liver normal/tumor sample pairs. In addition to known driver mutations in TP53 and CTNNB1, our mutation analysis identified non-synonymous mutations in genes implicated in metabolic diseases, i.e. diabetes and obesity: IRS1, HMGCS1, ATP8B1, PRMT6 and CLU, suggesting a common molecular etiology for HCC of alternative pathogenic origin.”
“Memory decline is often among the first signs heralding the emergence of mild cognitive impairment or dementia regardless of etiology. Despite its limited inclusion of memory screening, the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) continues to be the most ubiquitous, first-line screening tool for dementia and cognitive decline. In response to well documented problems with the

sensitivity of this instrument and the growing importance of cognitive screening, we assessed the utility of the MMSE as a screening tool among older adults presenting for evaluation at a memory clinic. The Standardized MMSE and a standardized verbal memory test the Hopkins find more Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R) were administered to 304 consecutive referrals at a university-based outpatient memory clinic. Among patients scoring above 25 on the MMSE (n = 169), over half exhibited at least moderate memory impairment (HVLT-R delayed recall z -2.0) and more than 25% showed severe impairment (delayed recall z -3.0). Perhaps even more striking was that among those who achieved perfect (30/30) or near perfect (29/30) scores on the MMSE (n = 70), 43% displayed moderate

to severe memory impairment. Although newer screening measures have shown improved sensitivity, more in-depth memory testing appears to be a vital component of successful screening and early detection.”
“9-Lipoxygenases (9-LOXs) initiate fatty acid oxygenation, resulting in the formation of oxylipins activating plant defense against hemibiotrophic buy NU7441 pathogenic bacteria. Previous studies using nonresponding to oxylipins (noxy), a series of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants insensitive to the 9-LOX product 9-hydroxy-10,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid (9-HOT), have demonstrated the importance of cell wall modifications as a component of 9-LOX-induced defense. Here, we show that a majority (71%) of 41 studied noxy mutants have an added insensitivity to isoxaben, an herbicide inhibiting cellulose synthesis and altering the cell wall. The specific mutants noxy2, noxy15, and noxy38, insensitive to both 9-HOT and isoxaben, displayed enhanced susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 as well as reduced activation of salicylic acid-responding genes. Map-based cloning identified the mutation in noxy2 as At5g11630 encoding an uncharacterized mitochondrial protein, designated NOXY2.

Eighteen of these patients presented with either stroke or transient ischemic attack. The average age of the 19 patients at first surgery was 1.4 years (range 6 months-1.9 years). Unanticipated staged operations occurred in 3 patients, due to persistent electroencephalographic changes during the initial surgery in 2 cases and due to brain swelling during the procedure requiring ventriculostomy in the other. There were 2 perioperative strokes; both Volasertib solubility dmso patients had postoperative seizures but made clinical recoveries. The average follow-up was 7 Years (range 1-14 years). Long term, at follow-up, 13 patients (68%) were clinically

independent for their age, with 8 (42%) having no significant deficit. Late complications included subdural hygroma evacuation (1), additional revascularization procedures performed years later for frontal lobe ischemia (2), late infarction (1), and asymptomatic ischemic change on routine follow-up MRI studies (1). All patients who had both pre- and postoperative angiography demonstrated progression of disease.\n\nConclusions. Despite the challenges inherent to this population,

the majority of children with moyamoya under the age of 2 years have a good long-term prognosis. The data from this study support the use of pial synangiosis as a safe, effective, and durable method for treatment of moyamoya for most children in this potentially high-risk population.”
“Cellulose diacetate (CDA)/kenaf fiber biocomposites were prepared 4SC-202 molecular weight using a melting process. In order to increase the fiber density and compatibilize the kenaf fiber with CDA, the fiber

was sized with poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA). The sized kenaf fiber was compounded with the plasticized CDA using a twin screw extruder, and the optimal processing conditions were determined. The incorporated kenaf fiber improved the mechanical and thermal properties of CDA. In the case of the composites containing 30 wt% selleck inhibitor kenaf fibers, the tensile strength and modulus increased almost 2 and 3 fold, which were 85.6 MPa and 4831 MPa, respectively. The PVA treated kenaf fiber showed better adhesion to the CDA matrix.”
“BACKGROUNDA high frequency of hypogonadism has been reported in male patients with advanced cancer. The current study was performed to evaluate the association between low testosterone levels, symptom burden, and survival in male patients with cancer. METHODSOf 131 consecutive male patients with cancer, 119 (91%) had an endocrine evaluation of total (TT), free (FT), and bioavailable testosterone (BT); high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP); vitamin B12; thyroid-stimulating hormone; 25-hydroxy vitamin D; and cortisol levels when presenting with symptoms of fatigue and/or anorexia-cachexia. Symptoms were evaluated by the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale.

DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Included studies were reviewed by 2 independent reviewers. Reported correlation values for

the RDI, AHI, and ODI between a commercially available PAT device (WatchPAT) and PSG were systematically reviewed. A comprehensive meta-analysis software package was used for statistical analysis. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Assessment of the correlation between PAT and PSG as measured by AHI, RDI, and ODI. RESULTS Fourteen studies met inclusion criteria and had data suitable for pooling (909 patients). Of these, 13 studies had blinded study designs, with PAT and PSG conducted simultaneously in the home or the laboratory setting. One study contained 2 trial phases for the same patient group (n = 29), one laboratory based and the other home based, which were analyzed separately. One study JPH203 in vivo contained 2 different study groups based on age. Overall, correlation of the RDI and AHI was high (r = 0.889 [95% CI, 0.862-0.911]; P smaller than .001). Studies comparing the RDI between PAT and PSG had a combined correlation of 0.879 (95% CI, 0.849-0.904; P smaller than .001); those comparing the AHI, 0.893 (0.857-0.920; P smaller than .001); and those comparing the ODI, 0.942 (0.894-0.969; P smaller than .001). Analysis of publication bias revealed a nonsignificant Egger regression intercept. CONCLUSIONS

AND RELEVANCE C59 molecular weight Respiratory indexes calculated using PAT-based portable learn more devices positively correlated with those calculated from the scoring of PSG. Strengthened by the blinded design of most of the included studies, this technology represents a viable alternative to PSG for confirmation of clinically suspected

sleep apnea.”
“The objectives of this study were to investigate the chemical profiles; crude protein (CP) subfractions; ruminal CP degradation characteristics and intestinal digestibility of rumen undegraded protein (RUP); and protein molecular structures using molecular spectroscopy of newly developed yellow-seeded flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). Seeds from two yellow flaxseed breeding lines and two brown flaxseed varieties were evaluated. The yellow-seeded lines had higher (P smaller than 0.001) contents of oil (44.54 vs 41.42% dry matter (DM)) and CP (24.94 vs 20.91% DM) compared to those of the brown-seeded varieties. The CP in yellow seeds contained lower (P smaller than 0.01) contents of true protein subfraction (81.31 vs 92.71% CP) and more (P smaller than 0.001) extensively degraded (70.8 vs 64.9% CP) in rumen resulting in lower (P smaller than 0.001) content of RUP (29.2 vs 35.1% CP) than that in the brown-seeded varieties. However, the total supply of digestible RUP was not significantly different between the two seed types.

(C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE) is a severe human disease caused by mutations in TYMP, the gene encoding thymidine phosphorylase (TP). It belongs to a broader group of disorders characterized by a pronounced reduction in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number in one or more tissues. In most cases, these disorders are caused by mutations in genes involved in deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) metabolism. It is generally accepted that imbalances in mitochondrial dNTP pools resulting from these mutations interfere with mtDNA

selleck inhibitor replication. Nonetheless, the precise mechanistic details of this effect, in particular, how an excess of a given dNTP (e. g., imbalanced dTTP excess observed in TP deficiency) might lead to mtDNA depletion, remain largely unclear. Using an in organello replication experimental model with isolated murine liver mitochondria, we observed that overloads of dATP, dGTP, or dCTP did not reduce the mtDNA replication rate. In contrast, an excess of dTTP decreased mtDNA synthesis, but this effect was due to secondary dCTP depletion rather than to the GDC 941 dTTP excess in itself. This was confirmed

in human cultured cells, demonstrating that our conclusions do not depend on the experimental model. Our results demonstrate that the mtDNA replication rate is unaffected by an excess of any of the 4 separate dNTPs and

is limited by the availability of the dNTP present at the lowest concentration. Therefore, the availability of dNTP is the key factor that leads to mtDNA depletion rather than dNTP imbalances. These results provide the first test of the mechanism that accounts for mtDNA depletion in MNGIE and provide evidence that limited dNTP availability is the common cause of mtDNA depletion due to impaired anabolic or catabolic dNTP pathways. Thus, therapy approaches focusing on restoring the deficient substrates should be explored.”
“Background: ARN-509 The study of muscle metabolism by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been poorly implemented in multiple sclerosis (MS). Aims of the study were to compare resting muscle oxygen consumption (rmVO(2)) at gastrocnemius in MS patients and in age-matched healthy controls (HC) measured using NIRS, and to evaluate its possible relationship with patients’ mobility.\n\nMethods: Twenty-eight consecutively enrolled MS patients (male, n = 16; age = 42.7 +/- 14.0 y, Relapsing-Remitting, n = 19; Primary-Progressive, n = 9) and 22 HC (male, n = 13; age = 36.0 +/- 8.2 y) were studied during rest applying the NIRS probes at gastrocnemius, producing a venous occlusion at the thigh using a cuff, and analyzing the slope of the total hemoglobin to calculate rmVO(2). Mobility was assessed by a 6-Minute Walking Test and 6-Minute Walking Distance (6MWD) was recorded.

The pathogenesis of leukoaraiosis is LY3039478 research buy poorly understood, even if chronic ischemia with consequent arteriolosclerosis probably due to endothelial dysfunction has been suggested. To date, treatment focuses only on prevention of lesion formation and progression by aggressive control of risk factors, beginning at an early age and continuing throughout life.\n\nL-Arginine, a semi-essential amino acid, is a precursor of NO in the reaction catalyzed by endothelial nitric oxide synthase and, it has been recently found to importantly influence endothelial function. Arginine supplementation has been demonstrated to be safe and effective therapy for many health conditions, particularly vascular diseases such as intermittent

claudication, angina pectoris, erectile dysfunction and MELAS.\n\nThus we hypothesize that, since a lack of endothelium-derived NO may be responsible for several features of LA, long-term administration of high oral doses of L-Arg may slow LA progression and the associated functional impairment. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) are

Fedratinib datasheet the cleanest, most efficient, and cost-effective option for direct conversion to electricity of a wide variety of fuels. While significant progress has been made in anode materials with enhanced tolerance to coking and contaminant poisoning, cathodic polarization still contributes considerably to energy loss, more so at lower operating temperatures. Here we report a synergistic effect of co-doping in a cation-ordered double-perovskite material, PrBa0.5Sr0.5Co2-xFexO5+delta, which has created pore channels that dramatically enhance SB203580 MAPK inhibitor oxygen ion diffusion and surface oxygen exchange while maintaining excellent compatibility and stability under operating conditions. Test cells based on these cathode materials demonstrate peak power densities similar to 2.2 W cm(-2) at 600

degrees C, representing an important step toward commercially viable SOFC technologies.”
“Interactions of the ESCRT complexes are critical for endosomal trafficking. We identify two domains with potential significance for this process. The MABP domain present in metazoan ESCRT-I/MVB12 subunits, Crag, a regulator of protein sorting, and bacterial pore-forming proteins might mediate novel membrane interactions in trafficking. The UBAP1-MVB12-associated UMA domain found in MVB12 and UBAP1 defines a novel adaptor that might recruit diverse targets to ESCRT-I.”
“Obesity-associated severe asthma is a distinct phenotype characterised by resistance to standard asthma therapies. Bariatric surgery appears to be a viable alternative for those who have failed trials of traditional weight loss methods. However, anaesthetic and surgical risks are potential barriers. We describe three patients with treatment-resistant obesity-associated severe asthma who underwent bariatric surgery without complications due to the multidisciplinary perioperative planning and care involved in these complex cases.

These polymorphisms, unlike ancestry-informative markers (AIMs), constitute a much larger set of loci that drive genomic signatures of population structure. The genome-wide distribution of these significantly correlated markers can largely be accounted for by the stochastic effects of genetic drift, although significant clustering does Occur in genomic regions that have been previously implicated as targets of recent adaptive evolution.”
“CAP

(cyclase-associated protein) is a conserved regulator of actin Oligomycin A price filament dynamics. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, CAS-1 is an isoform of CAP that is expressed in striated muscle and regulates sarcomeric actin assembly. In the present study, we report that CAS-2, a second CAP isoform in C. elegans, attenuates the actin-monomer-sequestering effect of ADF (actin buy RG-7112 depolymerizing factor)/cofilin to increase the steady-state levels of actin filaments in an ATP-dependent manner. CAS-2 binds to actin monomers without a strong preference for either ATP- or ADP actin. CAS-2 strongly enhances the exchange of actin-bound nucleotides even in the presence of UNC-60A, a C. elegans ADF/cofilin that inhibits nucleotide exchange. UNC-60A induces the depolymerization of actin filaments and sequesters actin monomers, whereas CAS-2 reverses the monomer-sequestering

effect of UNC-60A in the presence of ATP, but not in the presence of only ADP or the absence of ATP or ADP. A 1:100 molar ratio of CAS-2 to UNC-60A is sufficient to increase actin filaments. CAS-2 has two independent actin-binding sites in its N- and C-terminal halves, and the C-terminal half is necessary and sufficient for the observed activities of the full-length CAS-2. These results suggest that CAS-2 (CAP) and UNC-60A (ADF/cofilin) are important in the ATP-dependent regulation of the actin monomer filament equilibrium.”
“Previous research has shown that glycolytic enzymes (GEs) exist as multienzyme

complexes on the inner surface of human erythrocyte membranes. Because GE binding sites have been mapped to sequences on the membrane protein, band 3, that are not conserved in other mammalian homologs, the question arose whether GEs can organize into complexes on other mammalian erythrocyte membranes. To address this, murine erythrocytes were stained with antibodies to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, aldolase, phosphofructokinase, DUB inhibitor lactate dehydrogenase, and pyruvate kinase and analyzed by confocal microscopy. GEs were found to localize to the membrane in oxygenated erythrocytes but redistributed to the cytoplasm upon deoxygenation, as seen in human erythrocytes. To identify membrane proteins involved in GE assembly, erythrocytes from mice lacking each of the major erythrocyte membrane proteins were examined for GE localization. GEs from band 3 knockout mice were not membrane associated but distributed throughout the cytoplasm, regardless of erythrocyte oxygenation state.

MRI was performed 1 day and then weekly for 5 weeks after middle cerebral artery occlusion for all rats. Results-The ischemic lesion volumes after stroke as measured using T-2 maps were

not significantly different between the T2DM and WT rats. Compared with the WT rats, LDC000067 Cell Cycle inhibitor the volumes of blood-brain barrier disruption evaluated using contrast-enhanced T-1-weighted imaging with gadolinium-diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid and the cerebral hemorrhagic volumes measured with susceptibility-weighted imaging were significantly (P smaller than 0.05) larger in the T2DM rats from 1 to 5 weeks after stroke; values of diffusion fractional anisotropy were significantly lower in T2DM rats (P smaller than 0.03) than in WT rats after stroke. These MRI measurements were consistent with histological data. Conclusions-Using MRI, T-2-weighted imaging did not detect significant differences of the ischemic lesion

volumes between T2DM and WT rats. In contrast to the WT rats, however, contrast-enhanced T 1 -weighted imaging and susceptibility-weighted imaging identified much more severe ischemic vascular damage, whereas fractional anisotropy demonstrated lower axonal density in the T2DM rats after stroke.”
“PURPOSE. Heterozygous mutations of the PAX6 gene cause a variety of ocular malformations, the best known being aniridia (absence of the iris). Mutation analyses and detailed clinical evaluations were performed in 43 Ro 61-8048 order individuals selleck products with aniridia or closely related ocular anomalies, to investigate whether phenotype correlates with mutation type.\n\nMETHODS. Case notes and medical records were reviewed and patients were reexamined when necessary. Denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) analysis and sequencing of the PAX6 coding region was performed in individuals whose mutation was unknown.\n\nRESULTS.

The most common PAX6 mutations identified were premature termination mutations, amino acid substitutions, and C-terminal extensions. Six novel mutations are reported. Mutations that inactivate one copy of the gene typically caused a severe phenotype including foveal hypoplasia, marked iris anomalies, and severe visual impairment. Missense mutations, all affecting invariant amino acids in the paired domain, caused milder phenotypes in this cohort, with a lower incidence of foveal hypoplasia and less severe visual loss. C-terminal extension mutations caused relatively severe anomalies and marked reduction in vision. Two C-terminal extension cases had a unilateral exudative retinopathy, resembling Coats’ disease, which has not previously been reported in association with PAX6 mutation.\n\nCONCLUSIONS. PAX6 mutations cause panocular malformations that vary considerably in pattern and severity. In our cohort, iris hypoplasia, nystagmus, and foveal hypoplasia were most common, with cataracts, corneal anomalies, and high refractive errors also frequently observed.

We characterized blood biochemistry values of 67 green turtles captured at 2 mangrove estuaries along the Pacific coast of the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico, from 2005 to 2007. Blood samples were collected from live turtles for biochemical analysis of 18 parameters and analyzed by physical state (healthy, injured), size classes, season, and geographic location. Green turtles showed differences in the variability of the biochemical parameters between the 2 sites. In Punta Abreojos, injured sea turtles had lower calcium (28%), potassium

(28%), and inorganic phosphorus (34.5%) levels and higher cholinesterase activity JIB 04 (16%) compared to healthy turtles. Juvenile turtles collected in Bahia Magdalena had higher glucose levels (34%) than subadults. Levels JPH203 cost of triglycerides, total proteins, and albumin correlated positively with size. During the summer and during the years 2005 (Bahia Magdalena, BMA) and 2006 (Punta Abreojos, PAO), individuals had significantly higher concentrations of lipid (cholesterol and triglycerides), glucose, uric acid, and protein. Differences in the habitat, food availability, and environmental conditions between BMA and

PAO were reflected in the variability of the biochemical parameters when compared by different factors, such as physical state, size, and seasonality. This is the first report of blood biochemical values of green sea turtles in the Pacific coast of Baja California, Mexico.

All serum learn more chemistry values of green sea turtles were within published reference ranges of healthy sea turtle population.”
“Neuronal death can be preceded by progressive dysfunction of axons. Several pathological conditions such as ischemia can disrupt the neuronal cytoskeleton. Microtubules are basic structural components of the neuronal cytoskeleton that regulate axonal transport and neuronal function. Up-to-date, high-resolution observation of microtubules in living neuronal cells is usually accomplished using fluorescent-based microscopy techniques. However, this needs exogenous fluorescence markers to produce the required contrast. This is an invasive procedure that may interfere with the microtubule dynamics. In this work, we show, for the first time to our knowledge, that by using the endogenous (label-free) contrast provided by second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy, it is possible to identify early molecular changes occurring in the microtubules of living neurons under ischemic conditions. This is done by measuring the intensity modulation of the SHG signal as a function of the angular rotation of the incident linearly polarized excitation light (technique referred to as PSHG).